The Science of Psychology An Appreciative View 5th Edition – Test Bank
Chapter 05
Test Bank
- Your English professor gives you some advice on how to cure writer’s block. She tells you to sit at your computer for 15 minutes and write whatever comes into your head. You do not censor yourself or worry about spelling or grammar. Instead, you merely translate your thoughts into words. This technique will allow your ________ to flow.
- river of dreams
- circadian rhythm
- C. stream of consciousness
- level of awareness
APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Apply
Difficulty: High
Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.
Page: 140
Topic: Consciousness
- Which of the following terms refer to the physiological state of being engaged with the environment?
- A. arousal
- awareness
- intuition
- insight
APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty: Low
Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.
Page: 141
Topic: Consciousness
- ________ includes knowing about oneself and thoughts about one’s experiences.
- Transcendence
- B. Awareness
- Intuition
- Arousal
APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty: Low
Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.
Page: 140
Topic: Consciousness
- Britney is aware of the thoughts running through her mind and the emotions triggered by some of those thoughts. She is also aware of the sounds she hears, the things she sees in her room and outside the window, the smell of coffee brewing in the kitchen, and the smell of freshly cut grass coming through the window. She would be considered to be in a state of
- A.
- transcendence.
- obstructionism.
- hyperkinesis.
APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Apply
Difficulty: High
Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.
Page: 140
Topic: Consciousness
- Which of the following refers to the network of structures including the brain stem, medulla, and thalamus that are involved in the experience of arousal and engagement with the environment?
- parasympathetic system
- B. reticular activating system
- pulmonary activating system
- limbic system
APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty: Low
Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.
Page: 141
Topic: Theory of Mind
- The concept of “theory of mind” is best described as
- an altered state of consciousness or a psychological state of altered attention and expectation in which the individual is unusually receptive to suggestions.
- B. an understanding that everyone thinks, feels, perceives, and has private experiences.
- one’s misinterpretation of subconscious thoughts.
- the principle that governs controlled processing.
APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty: Low
Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.
Page: 141
Topic: Theory of Mind
- Three-year-old Missy and her four-year-old brother Bob are watching a movie. In the movie, a “monster” sneaks into the closet while a little boy is sleeping. While Missy says nothing, Bob begins to shout at the screen telling the little boy not to open the closet door. Their different reactions reflect
- the social learning theory.
- B. the theory of mind.
- problems with perception.
- insight discrepancies.
APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Apply
Difficulty: High
Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.
Page: 141
Topic: Theory of Mind
- Controlled processes
- require divided attention.
- include concentrating on a specific aspect of experience while also paying attention to others.
- are faster than automatic processes and are less likely to involve the prefrontal cortex.
- D. involve individuals actively focusing their efforts toward a goal.
APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.
Page: 143
Topic: Higher-Level Consciousness
- Which of the following statements is true of controlled processes?
- They are the least alert states of human consciousness.
- They require less conscious efforts than automatic processes.
- They are faster than automatic processes.
- D. They require selective attention.
APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.
Page: 143
Topic: Higher-Level Consciousness
- Controlled processes differ from automatic processes in that controlled processes are
- A. slower than automatic processes.
- less likely to involve the prefrontal cortex than automatic processes.
- states of consciousness that require less attention than automatic processes.
- more repetitive than automatic processes.
APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.
Page: 143
Topic: Higher-Level Consciousness
- Frank buys a new smartphone and tries exploring the phone’s features as soon as he reaches home. While doing so, he fails to hear the doorbell, which has been ringing for five minutes. This illustrates the concept of
- A. controlled processes.
- automatic processes.
- altered states of consciousness.
- subconscious awareness.
APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Apply
Difficulty: High
Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.
Page: 143
Topic: Higher-Level Consciousness
- Timmy is going to participate in the national spelling bee competition to be held over the weekend. In order to prepare for the competition, he locks himself in his room and starts memorizing words along with their spelling. His mom calls him several times for supper, but he is so engrossed in memorizing that he ignores her repeated calls. Timmy is exhibiting
- A. controlled processing.
- automatic processing.
- an altered state of consciousness.
- subconscious awareness.
APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Apply
Difficulty: High
Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.
Page: 143
Topic: Higher-Level Consciousness
- Michael, a college student, recently purchased a new smartphone. He was reading the user manual for the smartphone and did not pay attention to his friend who was talking to him. In the context of the levels of awareness, Michael’s state of focused awareness best illustrates the concept of
- A. controlled processes.
- automatic processes.
- altered processes.
- subconscious processes.
APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Apply
Difficulty: High
Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.
Page: 143
Topic: Higher-Level Consciousness
- Which of the following individuals is exhibiting the highest level of conscious awareness?
- A. Maria, who is working out an algebra problem on a piece of paper
- Keiko, who is daydreaming about her upcoming vacation this weekend
- Jackson, who is hypnotized in his therapist’s office
- Benjamin, who is asleep
APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Apply
Difficulty: High
Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.
Page: 140
Topic: Consciousness
- Thomas is playing his video game and is about to complete the last level. He seems unaware that his mom has been calling him for long. Which of the following is Thomas demonstrating?
- arousal
- automaticity
- daydreaming
- D. selective attention
APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Apply
Difficulty: High
Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.
Page: 143
Topic: Higher-Level Consciousness
- Nick is studying for his science test that has been scheduled to be held the next day. He is unaware that his cellphone has been ringing loudly for the past five minutes. In this case, Nick is exhibiting
- divided attention.
- B. selective attention.
- daydreaming.
- arousal.
APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Apply
Difficulty: High
Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.
Page: 143
Topic: Higher-Level Consciousness
- Aaron is working on a history assignment that he must submit the next day. His favorite TV show is on air, but he continues to work on the assignment as it is important. In this case, Aaron is demonstrating
- divided attention.
- B. selective attention.
- daydreaming.
- arousal.
APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Apply
Difficulty: High
Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.
Page: 143
Topic: Higher-Level Consciousness
- Identify a true statement about automatic processes.
- They are the most alert states of human consciousness.
- They need more conscious effort than controlled processes.
- They typically interfere with other ongoing activities.
- D. They occur at a lower level of awareness than controlled processes.
APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.
Page: 144
Topic: Lower-Level Consciousness
- Priya is an experienced motorbike rider. While riding her motorbike, she brakes and steers when needed without giving much thought. She does not consciously make an effort to do these activities. This scenario most likely exemplifies the concept of
- daydreaming.
- hypnosis.
- controlled processes.
- D. automatic processes.
APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Apply
Difficulty: High
Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.
Page: 144
Topic: Lower-Level Consciousness
- Sharon can type a text message on her cell phone without even looking at the keypad. This is an example of
- theory of mind.
- executive function.
- C. automatic processing.
- an altered state of consciousness.
APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.
Page: 144
Topic: Lower-Level Consciousness
- Adam, a student, is attending a lecture on the topic of semantics. He is able to concentrate on the lecture and is also able to type a message to his friend on his smartphone without looking at the phone. In the context of the levels of awareness, Adam’s state of consciousness best illustrates the concept of
- A. automatic processes.
- controlled processes.
- executive function.
- altered awareness.
APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Apply
Difficulty: High
Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.
Page: 144
Topic: Lower-Level Consciousness
- Paul, an aspiring musician, is commuting to work by bus. While on the bus, he starts imagining himself playing his guitar in a live concert with his favorite musicians. In the context of the levels of awareness, Paul’s state of awareness best illustrates
- A.
- controlled processes.
- automatic processes.
- executive function.
APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Apply
Difficulty: High
Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.
Page: 144
Topic: Lower-Level Consciousness
- Which of the following statements is true of daydreaming?
- It is considered a controlled process.
- It typically involves a high level of conscious effort, unlike controlled processing.
- C. It usually occurs when a person is doing something that requires less than full attention.
- It is the most alert state of human consciousness.
APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.
Page: 144
Topic: Daydreams
- Identify a true statement about daydreaming.
- It lies between the subconscious awareness state and the altered state of consciousness.
- It occurs when the individual is doing something that requires full attention.
- C. Its most obvious type is mind wandering.
- It makes the mind completely idle and inactive.
APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.
Page: 144
Topic: Daydreams
- While Sarah does her dishes, she does not pay full attention to her dishes. Instead, she thinks about what she is going to have for dinner. Which of the following is Sarah most likely demonstrating?
- executive function
- B. daydreaming
- selective abstraction
- unconsciousness
APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Apply
Difficulty: High
Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.
Page: 144
Topic: Lower-Level Consciousness
- During a lecture, Veronica fancies herself to be attending a Bon Jovi concert at Miami. She is most likely
- in an altered state of consciousness.
- exhibiting controlled processing.
- C.
- lacking awareness.
APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.
Page: 144
Topic: Lower-Level Consciousness
- While working, Lila imagines that she is at a beach and zones out. This scenario exemplifies the concept of
- A. mind wandering.
- controlled processing.
- hypnosis.
- meditation.
APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.
Page: 144
Topic: Daydreams
- After taking LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide), Derek feels that his table and chair walk toward him and talk to him. Which of the following statements best describes this scenario?
- Drug use affects circadian rhythms.
- Drug use can result in successful incubation.
- C. Drug use can induce altered states of consciousness.
- Drug use leads to narcolepsy.
APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Apply
Difficulty: High
Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.
Page: 144
Topic: Levels of Awareness
Topic: MDMA and LSD
- Betty has dissociative identity disorder. Dr. Harper hypnotizes her to interact with the other personalities that she exhibits as a result of her condition. Betty is most likely
- exhibiting increased level of consciousness.
- demonstrating automatic processing.
- C. in an altered state of consciousness.
- representing high levels of executive function.
APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Apply
Difficulty: High
Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.
Page: 144
Topic: Levels of Awareness
- Jared consumes excessive amounts of alcohol at a party. He is most likely to
- A. be in an altered state of consciousness.
- show improved controlled processing.
- be in the most alert state of human consciousness.
- engage in higher-order, complex cognitive processes.
APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.
Page: 144
Topic: Levels of Awareness
- Ahmed is unable to answer a question in an aptitude test. After the test, he forgets about the question and watches a comedy movie. The next day, he suddenly gets the answer to the question. This scenario exemplifies the concept of
- hypnosis.
- meditation.
- C.
- tolerance.
APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Apply
Difficulty: High
Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.
Page: 144-145
Topic: Incubation
- ________ refers to subconscious processing that leads to a solution to a problem after a break from conscious thought about the problem.
- A. Incubation
- Tolerance
- Meditation
- Hypnosis
APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty: Low
Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.
Page: 144
Topic: Incubation
- Celia fails to figure out the solution to a puzzle given by her friend. However, on her drive home, she figures out the solution to the puzzle even though she wasn’t thinking about the puzzle. In this scenario, Celia is demonstrating the altered state of consciousness called
- metacognition.
- awareness.
- unconsciousness.
- D.
APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Apply
Difficulty: High
Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.
Page: 144
Topic: Levels of Awareness
- It is the end of the month and Cindy is yet to pay several bills, but she does not have much money left. She spends most of the day thinking how she is going to make the payments. Later, while watching TV, she finds a solution to her problem. Cindy is demonstrating
- metacognition.
- meditation.
- hypnosis.
- D.
APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Apply
Difficulty: High
Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.
Page: 144-145
Topic: Levels of Awareness
- Which of the following statements is true of subconscious information processing?
- It is slower than executive function.
- It occurs in a sequential manner similar to controlled processes.
- It requires more conscious effort than automatic processes.
- D. It occurs simultaneously in a distributed manner along many parallel tracks.
APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.
Page: 145
Topic: Levels of Awareness
- Lorenzo, a student, is in the process of finding a solution to a math problem. He struggles to solve the problem until an idea pops into his head that helps him find the solution. Which of the following levels of awareness is best illustrated in this scenario?
- A. subconscious awareness
- altered state of consciousness
- higher-level consciousness
- no awareness
APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Apply
Difficulty: High
Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.
Page: 144
Topic: Levels of Awareness
- Which of the following is most likely an example of no awareness or an “unconscious” state of mind?
- daydreaming about your upcoming vacation
- sleeping
- mapping out the location of your vacation destination
- D. being anesthetized
APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.
Page: 145
Topic: Levels of Awareness
- Lukas is anesthetized before a surgery. In the context of the levels of awareness, which of the following levels best illustrates Lukas’s state?
- A. no awareness
- higher-level consciousness
- altered state of consciousness
- lower-level consciousness
APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.
Page: 145
Topic: Levels of Awareness
- Which of the following statements is true of sleep?
- It involves controlled processing.
- It is an executive function.
- It is defined as the absence of consciousness.
- D. It involves the reversible loss of consciousness.
APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Explain how circadian rhythms impact sleep.
Page: 145
Topic: Circadian Rhythms
- A class project required a student nurse to make hourly records of her own blood pressure and body temperature over a 30-day period. When the data were graphed, it was evident that these readings changed in a predictable way on a daily basis. The reason for this regularity is that many physiological processes are
- determined by subconscious expectations.
- B. governed by circadian rhythms.
- controlled by daily lunar cycles.
- correlated with lunar rotation.
APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Apply
Difficulty: High
Learning Objective: Explain how circadian rhythms impact sleep.
Page: 146
Topic: Circadian Rhythms
- Which of the following statements is true of the suprachiasmatic nucleus?
- It ensures that automatic processes occur in a sequential manner.
- It is responsible for making controlled processes faster than automatic processes.
- C. It helps regulate daily rhythms such as temperature and hunger.
- It prevents the occurrence of executive functions.
APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Explain how circadian rhythms impact sleep.
Page: 146
Topic: Circadian Rhythms
- Ross takes a flight from Log Angeles to New York to attend a business meeting the next day. He checks into a hotel and goes to bed at 11 p.m. However, he is unable to fall asleep even though he is accustomed to sleeping by 11 p.m. Ross is unable to sleep because
- A. his body time is out of phase with clock time.
- he is in an altered state of consciousness.
- he is in a state of incubation.
- he is experiencing controlled processing.
APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Apply
Difficulty: High
Learning Objective: Explain how circadian rhythms impact sleep.
Page: 147
Topic: Circadian Rhythms
- Bradley participates in a sleep study at a university clinic. The researchers measure his body’s physiological changes while he is sleeping. Which hormone do they find in large doses just before Bradley wakes up?
- melatonin
- growth hormone
- C. cortisol
- prolactin
APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Apply
Difficulty: High
Learning Objective: Explain how circadian rhythms impact sleep.
Page: 147
Topic: Circadian Rhythms
- The adrenal gland plays a role in maintaining circadian rhythm by
- increasing the body temperature to help prepare for sleep.
- B. producing the hormone cortisol to wake humans.
- desynchronizing the biological clock.
- monitoring the change from morning to night.
APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Explain how circadian rhythms impact sleep.
Page: 147
Topic: Circadian Rhythms
- Hannah works as a flight attendant. Her job requires her to work night shift at a local grocery store every other day. She has trouble sleeping, which is most likely due to
- excessive production of pepsin by her adrenal glands.
- B. the fact that her circadian rhythms do not follow a fixed 24-hour cycle.
- the fact that her suprachiasmatic nucleus stimulates the release of the hormone melatonin.
- lack of executive function during her sleep.
APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Apply
Difficulty: High
Learning Objective: Explain how circadian rhythms impact sleep.
Page: 146
Topic: Circadian Rhythms
- Hannah, a call center employee working in day shifts, has been asked to work a night shift on Tuesday. During her night shift, Hannah falls asleep at her desk around midnight. Which of the following can best explain her behavior?
- A. Her circadian rhythm has become desynchronized.
- She is experiencing an altered state of consciousness.
- She is demonstrating incubation.
- Her metacognition level has significantly increased.
APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Apply
Difficulty: High
Learning Objective: Explain how circadian rhythms impact sleep.
Page: 147
Topic: Circadian Rhythms
- Your friend Helen just started working the night shift at the post office. This change in her work hours
- will result in decreasing levels of cortisol in her body.
- might lead to an increased probability of daydreaming.
- C. may cause Helen to be at increased risk for kidney disease.
- will result in longer hours of sleep.
APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Apply
Difficulty: High
Learning Objective: Explain how circadian rhythms impact sleep.
Page: 147
Topic: Circadian Rhythms
- Saina travels from India to the United States. During her first week in the United States, Saina tries to sleep at night but she is unable to fall asleep. Which of the following is most likely the reason for this?
- Saina suffers from sleep apnea.
- Saina suffers from narcolepsy.
- C. In the United States, Saina’s adrenal glands release the hormone cortisol just as she gets ready for bed at night.
- In the United States, Saina experiences altered states of consciousness because of the changes in circadian rhythms.
APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Apply
Difficulty: High
Learning Objective: Explain how circadian rhythms impact sleep.
Page: 147
Topic: Circadian Rhythms
- Rebecca lives in Boston. Her friend Serena just flew in from Denver. To help Serena adjust to the new time zone, Rebecca should
- give Serena a lot of coffee.
- let her sleep all day.
- C. offer her a dose of melatonin.
- take her to a movie to keep her out of the sunlight.
APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Apply
Difficulty: High
Learning Objective: Explain how circadian rhythms impact sleep.
Page: 147
Topic: Circadian Rhythms
- Jet lag may be best explained by
- the elevation of serotonin in the prefrontal cortex.
- dramatic changes in environmental stimuli.
- dietary changes.
- D. the effect of time shifts on circadian rhythms.
APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Explain how circadian rhythms impact sleep.
Page: 147
Topic: Circadian Rhythms
- From an evolutionary perspective, which of the following is true of theories on the need for sleep?
- A. They propose that sleep is a way to conserve energy.
- They propose that animals are active at night to avoid becoming other animals’ prey.
- They propose that animals that are likely to serve as someone else’s food sleep the most of all.
- They propose that the search for food and water is the safest when it is dark.
APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Explain the cycles of sleep.
Page: 147
Topic: Sleep
- In the context of the findings of neuroscientists, which of the following statements is true of the role of sleep in brain plasticity?
- A. Sleep affects synaptic connections in the brain.
- Lack of sleep leads to stronger connections in the brain.
- Lack of sleep helps the brain possess a clear representation of new learning.
- Sleep plays a minimal role in the consolidation of memory.
APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Explain the cycles of sleep.
Page: 148
Topic: Sleep
- George has been studying hard because he has a history exam the next day. If he wants to remember most of what he has studied, he should
- A. go to sleep rather than staying awake all night.
- keep studying through the night.
- take a break and watch some TV rather than studying all night.
- eat a heavy meal to help him stay awake.
APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Explain the cycles of sleep.
Page: 148
Topic: Sleep
- Identify an effect of sleep deprivation.
- It reduces the risk of sleep apnea.
- It leads to increased attention to tasks.
- It increases brain activity in the prefrontal cortex.
- D. It lowers the complexity of processing in the brain.
APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Explain the cycles of sleep.
Page: 148
Topic: Sleep
- Jennifer has decided to go to bed early. Although her eyes are closed and she is very relaxed, she has not yet fallen asleep. An electroencephalograph (EEG) is most likely to indicate the presence of
- delta waves.
- B. alpha waves.
- sleep spindles.
- rapid eye movements.
APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
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Bloom’s: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Explain the cycles of sleep.
Page: 149
Topic: Sleep
- While attending a lecture, Lea starts yawning and fights hard to stay awake. She reclines in her chair, and, within minutes, she falls asleep with her head jerking upward at short intervals. Lea is in
- A. stage N1 sleep.
- stage N2 sleep.
- stage N3 sleep.
- stage N4 sleep.
APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
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Bloom’s: Apply
Difficulty: High
Learning Objective: Explain the cycles of sleep.
Page: 149
Topic: Stages of Sleep
- Natasha initially had difficulty falling asleep in the sleep lab as part of a research study. She finally drifted into sleep and was not awakened when a student researcher knocked a can of soda off the desk. The electroencephalograph (EEG) displayed theta waves with occasional sleep spindles. The researchers felt confident that Natasha was
- about to wake up.
- B. in stage N2 of the sleep cycle.
- dreaming.
- in REM sleep.
APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Apply
Difficulty: High
Learning Objective: Explain the cycles of sleep.
Page: 149
Topic: Stages of Sleep
- Brenda goes to check on her sleeping daughter and observes that the child’s eyeballs are moving up and down and from left to right under the eyelids. It is likely that the child is
- in the deepest level of sleep.
- B.
- in a hypnagogic state.
- waking up.
APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Explain the cycles of sleep.
Page: 150
Topic: REM Sleep
- Which of the following statements is true of REM sleep?
- REM sleep is an inactive stage of sleep during which high levels of cortisol are present in the body.
- B. The longer the period of REM sleep, the more likely the person will report dreaming.
- REM sleep occurs whenever the levels of melatonin in the body fall below a certain point, which differs from individual to individual.
- The internal body temperature of humans is the highest during REM sleep.
APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Explain the cycles of sleep.
Page: 150
Topic: REM Sleep
- The longer the period of REM sleep, the more likely it is that a person will
- wake up feeling drowsy.
- B. report dreaming.
- produce the hormone pepsin.
- have a desynchronized circadian rhythm.
APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Explain the cycles of sleep.
Page: 150
Topic: REM Sleep
61. Which of the following is true of a night’s sleep?
A. Individuals normally spend about 20 percent of sleep in light sleep.
B. REM sleep decreases as the night progresses.
C. Stage N3 sleep is much greater in the first half than in the second half of a night’s sleep.
D. Most REM sleep takes place during stage N1 of a night’s sleep.
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