The Psychology Of Sex And Gender 1st Edition by Jennifer Katherine Bosson

Chapter 10: Interpersonal Relationships

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Having frequent, affectively positive interactions with a small number of other people helps satisfy what psychological need?
2. achievement needs
3. creativity needs
4. need to identify
5. need to belong

Ans: D

Learning Objective: 10-1: Analyze the roles of sex, gender, and LGBT status in social networks, friendships, and friendship intimacy.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Roles Do Sex and Gender Play in Social Networks and Friendships?

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. What relationship does the size of one’s social network share with one’s health?
3. Having a larger social network predicts better mental health but not physical health.
4. Larger social networks are associated with increased anxiety.
5. People with larger social networks live longer on average.
6. The association between social networks and longevity does not exist after controlling for health behaviors.

Ans: C

Learning Objective: 10-1: Analyze the roles of sex, gender, and LGBT status in social networks, friendships, and friendship intimacy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Social Networks

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Each of the following represents a sex difference in social networks EXCEPT ______.
4. Women spend more time with their social networks than men
5. Women view their networks as more emotionally available to them than men
6. By adolescence, sex differences in network size tend to disappear
7. Men offer more responsive and attentive support to network members than women

Ans: D

Learning Objective: 10-1: Analyze the roles of sex, gender, and LGBT status in social networks, friendships, and friendship intimacy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Social Networks

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Which of the following ways the social network composition differ by race and ethnicity?
5. White people have larger social networks than people of color.
6. Extended family plays a larger role in the social networks of Latino Americans than White Americans.
7. The social networks of people of color contain more nonrelative friends than the networks of White people.
8. The social networks of White Americans provide more social support than the networks of people of color.

Ans: B

Learning Objective: 10-1: Analyze the roles of sex, gender, and LGBT status in social networks, friendships, and friendship intimacy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Social Networks

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Women’s same-sex friendships involve higher levels of ______, while men’s same-sex friendships tend to involve higher levels of ______.
6. social support, shared activities
7. shared activities; social support
8. shared emotions; personal disclosure
9. discussions of non-personal topics; shared activities

Ans: A

Learning Objective: 10-1: Analyze the roles of sex, gender, and LGBT status in social networks, friendships, and friendship intimacy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sex Differences in Friendship and Intimacy

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. ______ and ______ have been shown to explain some of the sex differences in friendship intimacy (e.g., same-sex closeness).
7. Emotional restraint; homophobia
8. Masculinity threats; sex hormones
9. Perceived weakness; cognitive dissonance
10. Pluralistic ignorance; self-fulfilling prophecies

Ans: A

Learning Objective: 10-1: Analyze the roles of sex, gender, and LGBT status in social networks, friendships, and friendship intimacy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sex Differences in Friendship and Intimacy

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. The ______ perspective argues that men’s and women’s friendships both allow for intimacy, but via different social dynamics.
8. socio-masculine
9. evolutionary
10. precarious manhood
11. homosocial

Ans: D

Learning Objective: 10-1: Analyze the roles of sex, gender, and LGBT status in social networks, friendships, and friendship intimacy.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sex Differences in Friendship and Intimacy

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. According to the homosocial perspective, which of the following would be more typical of same-sex friendships among women than among men?
9. participation in competitive activities
10. hierarchically organized friend groups
11. large groups of friends participating in shared activities
12. small friend groups with high levels of self-disclosure

Ans: D

Learning Objective: 10-1: Analyze the roles of sex, gender, and LGBT status in social networks, friendships, and friendship intimacy.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Sex Differences in Friendship and Intimacy

Difficulty Level: Hard

9. Women are more likely than men to report initiating cross-sex friendships for what reason?
10. the hope that the relationship will become sexual
11. physical safety
12. relationship advice
13. interest in stereotypically masculine activities

Ans: B

Learning Objective: 10-1: Analyze the roles of sex, gender, and LGBT status in social networks, friendships, and friendship intimacy.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Cross-Sex Friendships

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Men are more likely than women to report initiating cross-sex friendships for what reason?
11. the hope that the relationship will become sexual
12. physical safety
13. relationship advice
14. interest in stereotypically feminine activities

Ans: A

Learning Objective: 10-1: Analyze the roles of sex, gender, and LGBT status in social networks, friendships, and friendship intimacy.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Cross-Sex Friendships

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Straight women rate dating advice from which group as the most trustworthy?
12. straight women
13. lesbian women
14. gay men
15. straight men

Ans: C

Learning Objective: 10-1: Analyze the roles of sex, gender, and LGBT status in social networks, friendships, and friendship intimacy.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Cross-Sex Friendships

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. Sexual minorities often develop chosen families, which are ______.
13. friendships that are more likely to result in sexual intimacy
14. friend circles who understand the unique challenges of being LGBT
15. groups of friends who provide more social expertise than biological families
16. social groups that have more social influence than biological families

Ans: B

Learning Objective: 10-1: Analyze the roles of sex, gender, and LGBT status in social networks, friendships, and friendship intimacy.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: LGBT friendships

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. Lisa Diamond’s research reveals that sexual minority women are especially likely to form what kind of friendships with one another?
14. exchange friendships
15. passionate friendships
16. protective friendships
17. competitive friendships

Ans: B

Learning Objective: 10-1: Analyze the roles of sex, gender, and LGBT status in social networks, friendships, and friendship intimacy.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: LGBT Friendships

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. When selecting mates, women report ______ as more important than men do, while men report _______ as more important than women do.
15. intelligence; sense of humor
16. ambition; good looks
17. financial stability; emotional stability
18. social ability; education

Ans: B

Learning Objective: 10-2: Evaluate major theoretical perspectives on sex similarities and differences in mate preferences and mate choices.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Mate Preferences: Similarities and Differences

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. In which of the following contexts do sex differences in preferring physically attractive mates not emerge?
16. in collectivist cultures
17. in in Western cultures
18. when considering long-term relationships
19. when considering short-term relationships

Ans: D

Learning Objective: 10-2: Evaluate major theoretical perspectives on sex similarities and differences in mate preferences and mate choices.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Mate Preferences: Similarities and Differences

Difficulty Level: Hard

16. Black women are more likely than White women to say that they would marry someone who ______.
17. is unattractive
18. is unintelligent
19. is jobless
20. is emotionally unstable

Ans: C

Learning Objective: 10-2: Evaluate major theoretical perspectives on sex similarities and differences in mate preferences and mate choices.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mate Preferences: Similarities and Differences

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. The ______ perspective view sex differences in mate preferences are the product of social roles and labor divisions.
18. evolutionary
19. socio-cultural
20. homosocial
21. biobehavioral

Ans: B

Learning Objective: 10-2: Evaluate major theoretical perspectives on sex similarities and differences in mate preferences and mate choices.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Mate Preferences: Similarities and Differences

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. Cross-cultural universality of sex differences in mate preferences supports which theoretical approach?
19. evolutionary
20. socio-cultural
21. homosocial
22. biobehavioral

Ans: A

Learning Objective: 10-2: Evaluate major theoretical perspectives on sex similarities and differences in mate preferences and mate choices.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Mate Preferences: Similarities and Differences

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Finkel’s 2008 study revealed what kind of correspondence between people’s self-reported mate preferences and their actual behavior during speed dating?
20. the same sex differences emerged in both self-report and the speed dating
21. only sex differences in preferred sexual attractiveness emerged in both self-report and speed dating
22. sex differences in mate preference observed in self-report disappeared in speed dating
23. sex differences in mate preference were exaggerated during speed dating

Ans: C

Learning Objective: 10-2: Evaluate major theoretical perspectives on sex similarities and differences in mate preferences and mate choices.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Mate Selection: Whom Do We Choose?

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. Partner homogamy refers to the strong, cross-cultural tendency for people to bond and mate with people who ______.
21. balance out our own personality traits
22. are similar to us on a wide number of variables
23. provide honest feedback
24. have access to more resources than ourselves

Ans: B

Learning Objective: 10-2: Evaluate major theoretical perspectives on sex similarities and differences in mate preferences and mate choices.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mate Selection: Whom Do We Choose?

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. Stereotyped, cognitive representations of the sequence of events and behaviors that occur during dates are called ______.
22. dating schemas
23. paternalistic chivalry
24. dating scripts
25. dating attitudes

Ans: C

Learning Objective: 10-3: Explain the roles of gender and gender norms in dating relationships and romance.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Dating Relationships

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. Andre and Tasha are both in their early 20s and on their first date. Which of the following behaviors would be inconsistent with typical dating scripts for young women and men?
23. Andre selects the restaurant for the date.
24. Andre picks Tasha up from her house.
25. Tasha initiates sexual contact.
26. Tasha lets Andre pay for their movie tickets.

Ans: C

Learning Objective: 10-3: Explain the roles of gender and gender norms in dating relationships and romance.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Dating Relationships

Difficulty Level: Hard

23. Paternalistic chivalry reflects what kind of attitudes?
24. blatantly oppressive attitudes
25. explicitly sexist
26. hostilely sexist
27. benevolently sexist

Ans: D

Learning Objective: 10-3: Explain the roles of gender and gender norms in dating relationships and romance.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Dating Relationships

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. Which of the following is TRUE of sex differences in love and romance?
25. Evidence is mixed and likely indicative of greater similarity and difference between men and women.
26. Men rate themselves higher than women on traits related to emotional investment.
27. Women consistently report falling in love more than men.
28. College age women and men prefer different types of “love acts.”

Ans: A

Learning Objective: 10-3: Explain the roles of gender and gender norms in dating relationships and romance.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Dating Relationships

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. Throughout human history, marriage has rarely been about ______.
26. expanding family networks
27. romantic desires
28. sharing resources
29. increasing the family labor source

Ans: B

Learning Objective: 10-4: Describe diverse marital arrangements across sociohistorical contexts, races and ethnicities, cultures, and sexual orientations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: A Brief Social History of Marriage

Difficulty Level: Easy

26. As late as 18th century British colonial America, a woman became a feme covert when married, meaning what?
27. She gained considerable social status.
28. She was allowed to participate in certain social activities such as voting and religious ceremonies.
29. She transferred much of her identity to that of her husband, losing much of her legal standing in the process.
30. She underwent mild surgical procedures to emphasize a feminine appearance.

Ans: C

Learning Objective: 10-4: Describe diverse marital arrangements across sociohistorical contexts, races and ethnicities, cultures, and sexual orientations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: A Brief Social History of Marriage

Difficulty Level: Easy

27. Women’s status improved within marriages over time largely as a result of ______.
28. industrialization
29. World War II
30. feminist movements
31. the Renaissance

Ans: C

Learning Objective: 10-4: Describe diverse marital arrangements across sociohistorical contexts, races and ethnicities, cultures, and sexual orientations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: A Brief Social History of Marriage

Difficulty Level: Easy

28. Families in the United States have changed in each of the following ways since the 1960s EXCEPT ______.
29. the percentage of adults age 25 or older who have never been married has increased from 10% to 20%
30. Women are having fewer children and having them at older ages
31. Rates of cohabitation, divorce, and remarriage have all increased
32. Women are less likely to have children outside of marriage

Ans: D

Learning Objective: 10-4: Describe diverse marital arrangements across sociohistorical contexts, races and ethnicities, cultures, and sexual orientations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Changing American Family

Difficulty Level: Easy

29. Which of the following describes the trajectory of the percentage of children in the US who live in a family with two married parents in their first marriage?
30. The percentage has decreased from around 75–50%.
31. The percentages stayed relatively flat since 1960.
32. The percentage has risen from around 50–75%.
33. The majority of children today live in households with at least one divorced parent.

Ans: A

Learning Objective: 10-4: Describe diverse marital arrangements across sociohistorical contexts, races and ethnicities, cultures, and sexual orientations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Changing American Family

Difficulty Level: Easy

30. Today in the U.S. married women on average have more ______ than their husbands.
31. money
32. time spent working outside the home
33. education
34. job opportunities

Ans: C

Learning Objective: 10-4: Describe diverse marital arrangements across sociohistorical contexts, races and ethnicities, cultures, and sexual orientations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Changing American Family

Difficulty Level: Easy

31. Most marriages throughout human history have been ______.
32. romantically motivated
33. arranged by third parties
34. chosen by the man
35. autonomous

Ans: B

Learning Objective: 10-4: Describe diverse marital arrangements across sociohistorical contexts, races and ethnicities, cultures, and sexual orientations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Arranged Versus Autonomous Marriages

Difficulty Level: Easy

32. Eighty-two percent of recorded human societies throughout history have permitted this type of marriage.
33. polygny
34. polyandry
35. monogamous marriages only
36. polyamory

Ans: A

Learning Objective: 10-4: Describe diverse marital arrangements across sociohistorical contexts, races and ethnicities, cultures, and sexual orientations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Polygyn and Polyandry

Difficulty Level: Easy

33. In what type of relationship arrangement do all partners agree that is acceptable to pursue sexual and/or romantic relationships with more than one other partner?
34. polygny
35. polyandry
36. monogamoy
37. polyamory

Ans: D

Learning Objective: 10-4: Describe diverse marital arrangements across sociohistorical contexts, races and ethnicities, cultures, and sexual orientations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Consensual Non-Monogamy and Polyamory

Difficulty Level: Easy

34. Which of the following is NOT true of the share power and decision-making in relationships in Western cultures?
35. Equality in decision-making predicts higher relationship satisfaction.
36. Almost half of couples report at least some power and balance.
37. When power imbalances occur in heterosexual relationships, partners usually agree that the man has more control over decisions.
38. Objective equality is more influential than perceived fairness in decision-making power.

Ans: D

Learning Objective: 10-5: Analyze sex differences and similarities in the factors that contribute to relationship satisfaction, conflict, and separation.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Making Decisions

Difficulty Level: Medium

35. Which of the following is inconsistent with typical divisions of labor in relationships in the West?
36. Couples who share domestic labor equally report the highest relationship satisfaction.
37. Childless married heterosexual couples have the most egalitarian labor divisions.
38. Wives log more hours into housework and childcare than husbands in many heterosexual couples, even when they hold jobs.
39. Couples who pay someone else to clean for them tend to have the most egalitarian labor divisions.

Ans: B

Learning Objective: 10-5: Analyze sex differences and similarities in the factors that contribute to relationship satisfaction, conflict, and separation.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Dividing Labor and Childcare

Difficulty Level: Medium

36. When asked to describe the typical ways that people of their own sexual love, men are more likely than women to mention acts such as ______.
37. displaying affection in public
38. buying gifts
39. performing sex acts
40. listening to their partner’s problems

Ans: B

Learning Objective: 10-5: Analyze sex differences and similarities in the factors that contribute to relationship satisfaction, conflict, and separation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Showing Love

Difficulty Level: Easy

37. For wives, but not husbands, those who report greater love for their partners show ______.
38. less criticizing
39. more time spent on joint activities
40. increased likelihood to initiate sex
41. more gift-giving

Ans: A

Learning Objective: 10-5: Analyze sex differences and similarities in the factors that contribute to relationship satisfaction, conflict, and separation.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Showing Love

Difficulty Level: Medium

38. On average, men tend to react with more jealousy to a partners ______, while women experience more jealousy in response to ______
39. sexual infidelity; emotional infidelity
40. emotional infidelity; sexual infidelity
41. cheating with friends; cheating with strangers
42. cheating with strangers; cheating with friends

Ans: A

Learning Objective: 10-5: Analyze sex differences and similarities in the factors that contribute to relationship satisfaction, conflict, and separation.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Jealousy

Difficulty Level: Medium

39. What adaptive behavior does jealousy in relationships motivate?
40. increasing trust between partners
41. fending off rivals
42. decreasing emotional conflict
43. publicly displaying earning potential

Ans: B

Learning Objective: 10-5: Analyze sex differences and similarities in the factors that contribute to relationship satisfaction, conflict, and separation.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Jealousy

Difficulty Level: Hard

40. Evolutionary theorists argue that the triggers of jealousy in men trace back to the problem of ______.
41. securing a committed mate
42. parental investment
43. limited opportunities to pass on offspring
44. paternity uncertainty

Ans: D

Learning Objective: 10-5: Analyze sex differences and similarities in the factors that contribute to relationship satisfaction, conflict, and separation.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Jealousy

Difficulty Level: Medium

41. Based on a three minute videotape of newlyweds discussing problematic issues, Gottman and Levenson (2000) were able to predict ______.
42. the frequency of sexual intimacy per month
43. how couples divided household labor
44. the number of children couples had over the next 10 years
45. divorce over a 14 year period with 93% accuracy

Ans: D

Learning Objective: 10-5: Analyze sex differences and similarities in the factors that contribute to relationship satisfaction, conflict, and separation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Dealing With Conflict

Difficulty Level: Easy