The Moral of the Story An Introduction to Ethics 8th Edition By Nina Rosenstand – Test Bank

The Moral of the Story An Introduction to Ethics 8th Edition By Nina Rosenstand – Test Bank

Chapter 06

Using Your Reason, Part 2: Kant’s Deontology

1. Kant’s moral theory deals with maximizing the happiness of everyone involved.

FALSE

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2. In Kant’s view, a good will cannot be good if it doesn’t take consequences of one’s actions into account.

FALSE

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3. In Kant’s view, a good will is good regardless of whether it accomplishes its purpose or not.

TRUE

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4. Kant is a hard universalist.

TRUE

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5. A hypothetical imperative is a conditional command describing an “if-then” situation.

TRUE

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6. According to Kant, an act that is done for other reasons than a sense of duty is not necessarily a morally wrong act.

TRUE

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7. A maxim is an act that has the maximum number of good consequences.

FALSE

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8. Universalization means to ask yourself if everyone actually agrees with your own moral values.

FALSE

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9. When we universalize a maxim, we ask ourselves if it could be made into a universal law.

TRUE

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10. An autonomous lawmaker is a person whos is a member of the government and cannot be bribed.

FALSE

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11. Kant has been criticized for claiming that his theory does not take consequences into account, when in fact it does.

TRUE

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12. The following statement is a criticism raised against Kant’s categorical imperative: The categorical imperative discriminates against people of no or low income.

FALSE

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13. According to Kant, a rational being is any being capable of feeling pleasure or pain.

FALSE

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14. Christine Korsgaard agrees with Kant that there is no good justification for lying.

FALSE

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15. A person being used as merely a means to an end is treated as having instrumental value only.

TRUE

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16. Kant stated that it is the social status that determines one’s standing in the moral universe.

FALSE

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17. Kant would condemn an act of using someone as a tool, even if the purpose is good—such as creating happiness for a large number of people.

TRUE

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18. Rebecca’s college professors get paid for teaching classes, and without Rebecca and other students, they would not receive a paycheck. In this scenario, Rebecca and the students can be considered as merely being used as a means to an end.

FALSE

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19. Kant had doubts about the full rationality of women and people of color.

TRUE

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20. Kant’s legacy is a respect for the rationality of all humanity, regardless of Kant’s own prejudices.

TRUE

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21. Kant thinks that we may treat animals any way we like, including being cruel to them.

FALSE

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22. According to Kant’s theory, humans who don’t qualify as rational beings must be classified as things.

TRUE

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23. According to Kant, humans have free choice; animal choice is merely brutish.

TRUE

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24. “Kingdom of Ends” refers to Kant’s theory of history that when everyone has learned to use the categorical imperative, history will come to an end.

FALSE

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25. Kant was against animal experimentation for the sake of mere speculation.

TRUE

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26. For Kant, lying (in the ethical sense) must be shown to be harmful to others in order to be considered morally wrong.

FALSE

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27. In the film High Noon, nobody is willing to help Kane because he has cried “wolf” once too often.

FALSE

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28. In 3:10 to Yuma, Dan Evans is clearly an egoist.

FALSE

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29. In 3:10 to Yuma, Ben Wade shows us that criminals do not have real values or principles.

FALSE

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30. In Abandon Ship!, Holmes decides that everyone will try to survive together and will possibly die together, but no one will be selected over others to live while the rest are thrown into shark-infested waters.

FALSE

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31. Convergent evidence indicates that nonhuman animals do not have the neuroanatomical, neurochemical, and neurophysiological substrates of conscious states.

FALSE

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32. What is a deontological theory?
33. a theory about proper dental care
34. a theory assessing the overall consequences of an action
35. the same as a consequentialist theory
36. D. a theory of moral obligation

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33. Who is an autonomous lawmaker?
34. a member of the government who cannot be bribed
35. someone who is capable of influencing the legislation in his or her own favor
36. C. a person who follows the categorical imperative
37. a person who follows hypothetical imperatives

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34. A store owner is trying to decide whether or not to cheat her customers. Which decision-making process results in a moral act?
35. She decides to try to cheat her customers on occasion when she is certain she can get away with it.
36. She decides not to cheat her customers because she might be found out and lose all her customers.
37. C. She decides not to cheat her customers because she believes that it would not be right, regardless of consequences.
38. She decides not to cheat her customers because she likes them very much.

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35. According to Kant, a person’s standing in the moral universe is determined by his or her
36. A. capability to use reason.
37. social status.
38. age.
39. time of birth.

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36. Which one of the following is not a major criticism raised against Kant’s moral theory?
37. A. The categorical imperative discriminates against people of no or low income.
38. There is a loophole in the categorical imperative: A situation can be described so specifically that it doesn’t apply.
39. The categorical imperative doesn’t allow for exceptions.
40. The view of what is rational depends on who holds the view.

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37. Kant has three main themes in his book Grounding. Which of the following is not one of those themes?
38. the theory that people should be treated as ends in themselves
39. B. the theory about the inalienable right to the pursuit of happiness for rational beings
40. the theory of the categorical imperative
41. the theory of people forming a moral community, the Kingdom of Ends

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38. What does Kant mean by “universal law”?
39. a law of physics, like gravity
40. a moral law dictated by a moral authority
41. C. a moral law binding for all rational beings
42. a civic law binding for all citizens

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39. What does Kant mean by “the right to a person akin to a right to a thing”?
40. a defense of the right to own slaves
41. a defense of property rights
42. C. an intermediate category of being a person but without complete freedom
43. an intermediate category of being half saint, half devil

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40. According to Kant, what is an internal lie?
41. A. a lie that makes someone contemptible in one’s own eyes
42. a lie that has harmful results to the liar only
43. a lie that someone keeps entirely to himself or herself
44. a lie that causes no harm but brings benefits to all involved

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41. What is the common denominator between the films High Noon and 3:10 to Yuma, aside from the fact that they are both Westerns?
42. They both advocate a utilitarian approach to life.
43. The “bad guy” is the main character in both films.
44. C. They both focus on duty as an intrinsic value.
45. They both have female heroes.

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42. What is “universalization”? Explain and give an example.

Answer will vary.

43. What is a hypothetical imperative? Explain in detail and give an example.

Answer will vary.

44. What is the categorical imperative? Give an example. Why should someone obey the dictates of the categorical imperative?

Answer will vary.

45. Kant explains that you should not steal when you cannot universalize the rule “Stealing is permissible.” Explain why not.

Answer will vary.

46. What is the difference between an ideal situation and an actual situation in assessing the universalizability of the categorical imperative?

Answer will vary.

47. What are some problems with the categorical imperative test? Why has it nevertheless been so influential in ethical theory?

Answer will vary.

48. Evaluate the following statement: “Actions are only morally good if they are done out of good will.” Explain “good will,” and give reasons why you think the statement is correct or incorrect.

Answer will vary.

49. Analyze the following statement: “Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of another, always at the same time as an end and never simply as means.”

Answer will vary.

50. What does it mean to treat someone as “an end in himself or herself,” rather than a means (only)?

Answer will vary.

51. What is Kant’s criterion of rationality for being regarded as a person? What (or who) does it leave out?

Answer will vary.

52. What is the “kingdom of ends”?

Answer will vary.

53. Comment on Kant’s apparent opinion that women and people of color may not be as rational as white males. What implications could this have for his theory of “ends in themselves,” if any? How does it compare with Kant’s statement that all of humanity should be treated as ends in themselves?

Answer will vary.

54. When someone decides to act on principle against the wishes of the community, can we always assume (with reference to Kant’s theory), that this person is doing the right thing? How would Kant decide? How would a utilitarian decide? How would you decide?

Answer will vary.

55. Discuss the permissibility of torture within a classical Kantian moral system. Do you agree with the views? Why or why not?

Answer will vary.

56. Focusing on the choices made by the main characters in High Noon and 3:10 to Yuma, would you say that doing one’s duty regardless of the outcome is always the correct moral approach? Why or why not?

Answer will vary.

57. Come up with your own example to illustrate conflicting duties as a criticism against Kant’s categorical imperative test. Can you see how this problem might also be illustrated by Holme’s dilemma in Abandon Ship! when he sees the storm coming? Explain.

Answer will vary.

58. Compare and contrast Kant’s idea that we must always treat people as ends in themselves to Holme’s weeding out process in Abandon Ship!

Answer will vary.

59. In the narrative Watchmen, can Rorschach’s moral position be viewed as an example of Kantian duty ethics? Why or why not?

Answer will vary.

Category # of Questions

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