The Brief American Pageant A History of the Republic, Volume I To 1877 9th Edition by David M. Kennedy – Test Bank

The Brief American Pageant A History of the Republic, Volume I To 1877 9th Edition by David M. Kennedy – Test Bank

Chapter 8—America Secedes from the Empire, 1775-1783

SHORT ANSWER

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:

1. George Washington

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Congress Drafts George Washington | General Washington at Bay | Burgoyne’s Blundering Invasion | Blow and Counterblow | Yorktown and the Final Curtain

2. William Howe

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: General Washington at Bay | Burgoyne’s Blundering Invasion

3. Nathanael Greene

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Blow and Counterblow

4. Benedict Arnold

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: The Failed Attempt to Conquer Canada | Burgoyne’s Blundering Invasion | Blow and Counterblow

5. John (“Gentleman Johnny”) Burgoyne

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Burgoyne’s Blundering Invasion

6. Lord Charles Cornwallis

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Blow and Counterblow | Yorktown and the Final Curtain | Makers of America: The Loyalists

7. Thomas Paine

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Thomas Paine Preaches Common Sense

8. Barry St. Leger

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Burgoyne’s Blundering Invasion

9. George Rogers Clark

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: The Land Frontier and the Sea Frontier

10. Richard Henry Lee

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Jefferson’s “Explanation” of Independence

11. Horatio Gates

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Burgoyne’s Blundering Invasion

12. John Paul Jones

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: The Land Frontier and the Sea Frontier

13. Thomas Jefferson

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Jefferson’s “Explanation” of Independence

14. Ethan Allen

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Bunker Hill and Hessian Hirelings

15. Admiral de Grasse

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Yorktown and the Final Curtain

16. Hugh Gaine

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Makers of America: The Loyalists

17. Abigail Adams

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Examining the Evidence: A Revolution For Women? Abigail Adams Chides Her Husband, 1776

18. John Jay

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Peace at Paris

19. King George III

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Bunker Hill and Hessian Hirelings | Jefferson’s “Explanation” of Independence | Yorktown and the Final Curtain

20. Richard Montgomery

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: The Failed Attempt to Conquer Canada

21. William Howe

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: George Washington At Bay

22. Baron von Steuben

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Burgoyne’s Blundering Invasion

23. Benjamin Franklin

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Jefferson’s “Explanation” of Independence | Burgoyne’s Blundering Invasion | Revolutionary America and the World

24. Comte de Rochambeau

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Blow and Counterblow | Yorktown and the Final Curtain

25. Joseph Brant

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: The Land Frontier and the Sea Frontier

26. Battle of Trenton

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: General Washington at Bay

27. natural rights

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Jefferson’s “Explanation” of Independence

28. privateers

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: The Land Frontier and the Sea Frontier

29. natural aristocracy

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Thomas Paine Preaches Common Sense

30. Battle of Saratoga

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Burgoyne’s Blundering Invasion

31. Battle of Yorktown

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Yorktown and the Final Curtain

32. Battles of Brandywine Creek and Germantown

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Burgoyne’s Blundering Invasion

33. burning of Falmouth and Norfolk

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: The Failed Attempt to Conquer Canada | Thomas Paine Preaches Common Sense

34. “political education”

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Patriots and Loyalists

35. Iroquois Confederacy

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: The Land Frontier and the Sea Frontier

36. evacuation of Boston

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: General Washington at Bay

37. Battle of Charleston

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Blow and Counterblow

38. Battle of King´s Mountain

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Blow and Counterblow

39. Greene´s Carolina campaign

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Blow and Counterblow

40. separate peace

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Peace at Paris | A New Nation Legitimized

41. invasion of Canada

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: The Failed Attempt to Conquer Canada

42. Second Continental Congress

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Chapter Introduction

43. Common Sense

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Thomas Paine Preaches Common Sense

44. Declaration of Independence

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Jefferson’s “Explanation” of Independence

45. Loyalists

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Patriots and Loyalists

46. Patriots

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Patriots and Loyalists

47. Treaty of Paris of 1783

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Peace at Paris | A New Nation Legitimized

48. Battles of Lexington and Concord

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Chapter Introduction

49. Battle of Bunker Hill

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Bunker Hill and Hessian Hirelings

50. Hessians

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Bunker Hill and Hessian Hirelings | General Washington at Bay

51. Battle of Long Island

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: General Washington at Bay

52. New Jersey campaign

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: General Washington at Bay

53. “Armed Neutrality”

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Revolutionary America and the World

MULTIPLE CHOICE

54. When colonists first took up arms against British military forces in America in 1775, their professed goal was to

a.

bring about America´s complete independence from Britain.

b.

protest Parliament´s utter neglect of the colonies.

c.

force the British authorities to open up trans-Appalachian lands for settlement.

d.

force the king and Parliament to address their grievances.

e.

draw Britain and France into another global war.

ANS: D REF: Chapter Introduction

55. Perhaps the most important single action of the Second Continental Congress was to

a.

select George Washington to head the army.

b.

draft new appeals to the king.

c.

adopt new taxes to provide revenue.

d.

adopt the Articles of Confederation.

e.

organize a committee to recommend independence.

ANS: A REF: Congress Drafts George Washington

56. What is an inconsistency about the colonists during the first fourteen months of their armed struggle against the British crown and Parliament?

a.

They depended heavily on Indian allies yet fought to gain more access to Indian lands.

b.

They repeatedly professed their loyalty to the king while raising armies and attacking the king´s soldiers.

c.

They pursued alliances with both the French and the Spanish, who were sworn enemies.

d.

They focused all their energies on developing a land army when Britain´s power lay primarily in its navy.

e.

Their leaders professed to be seeking independence yet repeatedly sought to negotiate in secret with the British government.

ANS: B REF: Bunker Hill and Hessian Hirelings

57. Which trait was NOT one of George Washington’s great strengths as commander of America’s Revolutionary army?

a.

Moral force

b.

Courage

c.

A sense of justice

d.

Military genius

e.

Patience

ANS: D REF: Congress Drafts George Washington

58. The Revolutionary War began in 1775-1776 with fighting in ____; then in 1777-1778 the fighting was concentrated in ____; and most of the fighting concluded in ____ in 1779-1781.

a.

the South; the middle colonies; New England

b.

the middle colonies; New England; the South

c.

New England; the South; the middle colonies

d.

New England; the middle colonies; the South

e.

the middle colonies; the South; New England

ANS: D REF: Bunker Hill and Hessian Hirelings | The Failed Attempt to Conquer Canada | General Washington at Bay | Burgoyne’s Blundering Invasion | Blow and Counterblow | Yorktown and the Final Curtain

59. George Washington’s selection to lead the colonial army was

a.

based on recognition of his personal character.

b.

more for political reasons than for his leadership.

c.

based solely on military experience.

d.

opposed by New Englanders.

e.

done with no misgivings.

ANS: B REF: Congress Drafts George Washington

60. What happened at Ticonderoga and Crown Point in May 1775?

a.

A tiny force led by Benedict Arnold and George Washington attempted an unsuccessful assault on a larger British garrison.

b.

George Washington´s Continental Army stumbled into a British trap and suffered heavy losses.

c.

Colonial forces under the “Fighting Quaker” Nathanael Greene finally brought the warfare on the northern frontier to an end with an American victory.

d.

A tiny force led by Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold surprised and captured the British garrisons there, securing much-needed powder and artillery.

e.

A Loyalist regiment surprised and defeated Patriot troops, helping to secure the Canadian border for Britain.

ANS: D REF: Bunker Hill and Hessian Hirelings

61. The colonial army eventually lost the Battle of Bunker Hill because its troops

a.

were tactically outmaneuvered.

b.

ran out of gunpowder.

c.

were poorly led.

d.

were unable to stop the final British charge.

e.

lacked adequate naval and artillery support.

ANS: B REF: Bunker Hill and Hessian Hirelings

62. King George III officially declared the colonies in rebellion just after

a.

the armed clash at Lexington and Concord.

b.

the First Continental Congress convened.

c.

the Battle of Bunker Hill.

d.

the capture of Ticonderoga and Crown Point.

e.

the hiring Hessian solders to fight in America.

ANS: C REF: Bunker Hill and Hessian Hirelings

63. Why did the Americans invade Canada in 1775?

a.

It was the best strategic move to outflank the British army.

b.

The Canadians had appealed for their assistance.

c.

Benedict Arnold tricked them into a dead-end venture.

d.

A successful attack would deprive Britain of its Indian allies.

e.

It would add a fourteenth colony and deprive the British of a valuable base.

ANS: E REF: The Failed Attempt to Conquer Canada

64. After the Battle of Bunker Hill, the French foreign minister remarked that if the British had two more such victories,

a.

France could easily retake Canada.

b.

the war would be won by Britain.

c.

Britain would have no army left in America.

d.

Parliament would be bankrupt.

e.

Britain´s army would be just as envied as its navy.

ANS: C REF: Bunker Hill and Hessian Hirelings

65. The colonists’ invasion of Canada in 1775

a.

almost succeeded.

b.

was of little strategic value for the colonists.

c.

was eagerly welcomed by French-Canadian leaders.

d.

resulted in the capture of both Montreal and Quebec.

e.

caused many Americans to question the army’s competence.

ANS: A REF: The Failed Attempt to Conquer Canada

66. The colonies had been fighting with the British for a full fourteen months before declaring independence. What was NOT one of the reasons?

a.

Continued belief that America was part of the transatlantic British community

b.

Support for the tradition of loyalty to the empire

c.

The realization that the colonies were not united

d.

Fear of harsh British reprisals against rebels

e.

Desire to trade with the British colony of India

ANS: E REF: Thomas Paine Preaches Common Sense

67. An important purpose of the Declaration of Independence was to

a.

warn other nations to stay out of the Revolution.

b.

appeal to the Indians to join the revolutionary cause.

c.

assert the superiority of American democracy.

d.

explain to the rest of the world why the colonies had revolted.

e.

condemn Parliament for its actions.

ANS: D REF: Jefferson’s “Explanation” of Independence

68. Thomas Paine called not just for independence but for a republic where power

a.

is passed down through inherited tradition.

b.

is rooted in a belief in God.

c.

comes from the people themselves.

d.

is equally distributed among three branches of government.

e.

belongs only to the educated.

ANS: C REF: Thomas Paine Preaches Common Sense

69. Thomas Paine’s pamphlet Common Sense

a.

was published before any fighting took place between the colonists and the British.

b.

focused on the legal case against British taxation.

c.

stirred Americans to acknowledge their disloyalty to the British king.

d.

called on the British people to overthrow the monarch.

e.

led to Paine’s arrest.

ANS: C REF: Thomas Paine Preaches Common Sense

70. Some Patriots were concerned that Thomas Paine´s approach was too radical. What alternative vision of republicanism did they hold?

a.

They favored a republic ruled by men and women of property, with non-landowners left out of the electorate.

b.

They wanted a republic ruled by a “natural aristocracy” defined by talent rather than birth.

c.

They envisioned a republic where religion would strongly guide governance.

d.

They considered direct democracy the best way to ensure that elites and the lower classes would share the burdens of governing.

e.

They saw taxation even with representation as tyranny and wanted it abolished.

ANS: B REF: Thomas Paine Preaches Common Sense

71. The key resolution – “These United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states…” – was introduced into the Second Continental Congress by delegate

a.

Patrick Henry.

b.

Thomas Jefferson.

c.

Richard Henry Lee.

d.

Thomas Paine.

e.

John Adams.

ANS: C REF: Jefferson’s “Explanation” of Independence

72. On which day was Richard Henry Lee´s resolution for independence proposed to the Philadelphia Congress, and on which day was it adopted?

a.

July 7 and July 4, 1776

b.

May 10, 1775, and July 4, 1776

c.

July 4 and July 10, 1776

d.

June 7 and July 2, 1776

e.

June 7 and June 2, 1783

ANS: D REF: Jefferson’s “Explanation” of Independence

73. Several factors prepared Americans to favor a republican form of government. What was NOT one of them?

a.

The experience in self-government provided by New England´s democratic town meetings

b.

The example of republican government provided by the Committees of Correspondence

c.

The absence of a hereditary aristocracy

d.

The relative equality of landowning farmers

e.

The broadly shared experience of militia service

ANS: E REF: Thomas Paine Preaches Common Sense

74. What did Americans generally think was the most important ingredient in any successful republican government?

a.

Free public education

b.

Guarantees of individual property rights

c.

The right to vote for all adult white males

d.

A written constitution with a bill of rights

e.

The virtue of the citizens

ANS: E REF: Thomas Paine Preaches Common Sense

75. More conservative Americans worried that a democratic republic would produce

a.

constant revolutions.

b.

atheistic doctrines and an attack on the churches.

c.

too much equality and a lack of social order.

d.

a potential military dictatorship.

e.

an inadequate guarantee of individual rights.

ANS: C REF: Thomas Paine Preaches Common Sense

76. Why was Thomas Jefferson chosen by the Philadelphia Congress to draft the Declaration of Independence?

a.

his knowledge of the law

b.

his experience as an outspoken proponent of independence since 1775

c.

his status as a representative of Virginia who could balance regional interests

d.

his relative unimportance and aversion to controversy

e.

his reputation as a brilliant writer

ANS: E REF: Jefferson’s “Explanation” of Independence

77. The Declaration of Independence did NOT

a.

invoke the natural rights of humankind to justify revolt.

b.

provide a long list of allegedly tyrannical actions by King George III.

c.

explain the reasons for revolt to “a candid world.”

d.

blame the British Parliament and public for oppressing Americans.

e.

charge the king with inciting Indian hostility.

ANS: D REF: Jefferson’s “Explanation” of Independence

78. Americans who opposed independence for the colonies were labeled ____ or ____, while the independence-seeking Patriots were also known as ____.

a.

Tories; Whigs; Loyalists

b.

Loyalists; Tories; Whigs

c.

Whigs; Tories; Loyalists

d.

Loyalists; Whigs; Tories

e.

Sons of Liberty; Tories; Whigs

ANS: B REF: Patriots and Loyalists

79. What portion of the colonial population actively supported the American Revolution?

a.

Nearly all

b.

A majority

c.

A minority

d.

Hardly anyone apart from the leaders

e.

All New Englanders

ANS: C REF: Patriots and Loyalists

80. Who won the battle for the hearts and minds of the colonists during the Revolutionary War?

a.

British soldiers tasked with the special assignment of “political” education

b.

Colonial leaders in Philadelphia

c.

Loyalist agitators who recruited huge numbers of slaves to serve in the British ranks

d.

Newspaper editors like John Peter Zenger

e.

Patriot militia

ANS: E REF: Patriots and Loyalists

81. Which group of Americans was LEAST likely to support the crown after 1776?

a.

The well educated

b.

The older generation

c.

The Anglican church and its members

d.

New Englanders

e.

The wealthy

ANS: D REF: Patriots and Loyalists | Makers of America: The Loyalists

82. Why did some Americans become Loyalists during the Revolution?

a.

They resented their dependence on colonial governments for their livelihood.

b.

They disliked the influx of ethnic or religious minorities to the colonies.

c.

They feared enslavement by Patriot leaders.

d.

They were elites who believed that independence would bring social anarchy.

e.

They were British slaves who wanted to immigrate back to England.

ANS: D REF: Makers of America: The Loyalists

83. What did many Loyalists do once the Revolution ended?

a.

They fled to Canada or Britain.

b.

They relocated to the southern colonies.

c.

They reclaimed confiscated property.

d.

They apologized to their neighbors and town leaders.

e.

They were banished from the new United States.

ANS: A REF: Patriots and Loyalists | Makers of America: The Loyalists

84. Which description best fits African Americans´ experience as Loyalists?

a.

They were singled out by Patriots for harsh treatment throughout the war and massacred afterward.

b.

They hoped to earn their freedom by serving the British, but many were returned to slavery after the war in America and the West Indies.

c.

The British treated them so poorly that many switched sides and were rewarded for their patriotic service.

d.

Nearly all won their freedom and relocated in large numbers to Britain.

e.

Their fearless service inspired Britain quickly to end the slave trade.

ANS: B REF: Makers of America: The Loyalists

85. Loyalists probably accounted for about _____ percent of the American population.

a.

5

b.

15

c.

35

d.

50

e.

60

ANS: B REF: Patriots and Loyalists

86. Which statement about how Loyalists aided the British is FALSE?

a.

They fought for the British.

b.

They served as spies.

c.

They incited the Indians.

d.

They kept Patriot soldiers at home to protect their families.

e.

They organized counter-revolutionary colonial governments.

ANS: E REF: Patriots and Loyalists

87. Why did General William Howe choose not to pursue and defeat George Washington’s army after the Battle of Long Island?

a.

Howe remembered the slaughter of Bunker Hill.

b.

Howe distrusted Washington’s large Hessian forces.

c.

Howe feared the presence of Indians in the area.

d.

Howe did not look forward to the difficulties of warfare in summer heat.

e.

Supplies were slow in coming.

ANS: E REF: General Washington at Bay

88. What did George Washington do in late 1776 and early 1777 that restored confidence in America’s military?

a.

He defeated the Hessians at Trenton and the British at Princeton.

b.

He secured the support of France for the American war effort with his victory in the Battle of Long Island.

c.

He convinced Baron von Steuben to professionally train his army.

d.

He made Alexander Hamilton his top military aide.

e.

He uncovered General Benedict Arnold’s treasonous conspiracy.

ANS: A REF: General Washington at Bay

89. What new strategy did the British develop to crush the Revolution in 1777?

a.

They would seize the cities and impose a naval blockade on American trade.

b.

They would conquer the Delaware Valley and then attack Virginia.

c.

They would isolate New England by invading New York from several directions.

d.

They would attack New England from Canada and the Carolinas from Georgia.

e.

They would coordinate Indian attacks in the West with an invasion from Canada.

ANS: C REF: Burgoyne’s Blundering Invasion

90. Match each British officer below with the battle in which he was involved.

A.

William Howe

1.

Saratoga

B.

John Burgoyne

2.

Yorktown

C.

Charles Cornwallis

3.

Long Island

D.

Barry St. Leger

a.

A-1, B-2, C-3

b.

A-3, B-1, C-2

c.

A-3, C-2, D-1

d.

B-1, C-2, D-3

e.

C-1, B-2, D-3

ANS: B REF: General Washington at Bay | Burgoyne’s Blundering Invasion | Yorktown and the Final Curtain