The Brief American Pageant A History of the Republic 9th Edition by David M. Kennedy – Test Bank

The Brief American Pageant A History of the Republic 9th Edition by David M. Kennedy – Test Bank

Chapter 9 – The Confederation and the Constitution 1776-1790

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:

1. Abigail Adams

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The Pursuit of Equality

2. Daniel Shays

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The Horrid Specter of Anarchy

3. Alexander Hamilton

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

A Shaky Start toward Union
A Convention of “Demigods”
The Four Laggard States

4. James Madison

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

A Shaky Start toward Union
A Convention of “Demigods”
The Four Laggard States
The Pursuit of Equality
Varying Viewpoints: The Constitution: Revolutionary or Counterrevolutionary?

5. quorum

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

A Convention of “Demigods”
The Great Debate in the States

6. Patrick Henry

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

A Convention of “Demigods”
The Clash of Federalists and Antifederalists
The Four Laggard States
A Conservative Triumph

7. checks and balances

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Safeguards for Conservatism
The Clash of Federalists and Antifederalists
A Conservative Triumph

8. Lord Sheffield

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The World’s Ugly Duckling

9. “mobocracy”

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The Horrid Specter of Anarchy
Patriots in Philadelphia

10. John Jay

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The World’s Ugly Duckling
The Four Laggard States

11. republicanism

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Constitution Making in the States
The Horrid Specter of Anarchy
Patriots in Philadelphia
Safeguards for Conservatism
Varying Viewpoints: The Constitution: Revolutionary or Counterrevolutionary?

12. states’ rights

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The Horrid Specter of Anarchy
A Convention of “Demigods”
The Clash of Federalists and Antifederalists

13. popular sovereignty

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

A Conservative Triumph

14. foreclosures

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The Horrid Specter of Anarchy

15. anarchy

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The Horrid Specter of Anarchy
Patriots in Philadelphia

16. disestablish

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The Pursuit of Equality

17. George Washington

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

A Shaky Start toward Union
A Convention of “Demigods”
The Clash of Federalists and Antifederalists
The Four Laggard States

18. Benjamin Franklin

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

A Convention of “Demigods”
The Clash of Federalists and Antifederalists

19. Thomas Jefferson

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

A Shaky Start toward Union
A Convention of “Demigods”
The Pursuit of Equality

20. civic virtue

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The Horrid Specter of Anarchy
The Pursuit of Equality

21. republican motherhood

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The Pursuit of Equality

22. Samuel Adams

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

A Convention of “Demigods”
The Clash of Federalists and Antifederalists
The Great Debate in the States

23. John Marshall

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The Four Laggard States

24. Protestant Episcopal Church

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The Pursuit of Equality

25. runaway inflation

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Economic Crosscurrents

26. “We the people…”

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Safeguards for Conservatism

27. Brandywine Creek

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Economic Crosscurrents

28. Quaker anti-slavery society of Philadelphia

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The Pursuit of Equality

29. Pennsylvania State House

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

A Convention of “Demigods”

30. bicameral

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Hammering Out a Bundle of Compromises

31. Old Northwest

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Landmarks in Land Laws

32. Natchez

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The World’s Ugly Duckling

33. bill of rights

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The Clash of Federalists and Antifederalists
The Great Debate in the States

34. extensive republic

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The Four Laggard States
Varying Viewpoints: The Constitution: Revolutionary or Counterrevolutionary?

35. Society of the Cincinnati

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The Pursuit of Equality

36. Great Compromise

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Hammering Out a Bundle of Compromises

37. Articles of Confederation

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Creating a Confederation
The Articles of Confederation: America’s First Constitution
A Convention of “Demigods”
Hammering Out a Bundle of Compromises
The Clash of Federalists and Antifederalists

38. Electoral College

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Hammering Out a Bundle of Compromises

39. Land Ordinance of 1785

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Landmarks in Land Laws

40. three-fifths compromise

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Hammering Out a Bundle of Compromises

41. Northwest Ordinance of 1787

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Landmarks in Land Laws

42. antifederalists

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The Clash of Federalists and Antifederalists
The Great Debate in the States
The Four Laggard States

43. federalists

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The Clash of Federalists and Antifederalists
The Great Debate in the States
The Four Laggard States

44. Shays’s Rebellion

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The Horrid Specter of Anarchy
Patriots in Philadelphia
Safeguards for Conservatism

45. Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The Pursuit of Equality

46. Virginia Plan

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Hammering Out a Bundle of Compromises

47. New Jersey Plan

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Hammering Out a Bundle of Compromises

48. The Federalist

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The Four Laggard States

49. Federalist No. 10

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The Four Laggard States
Varying Viewpoints: The Constitution: Revolutionary or Counterrevolutionary?

50. Continental army officers who formed the Society of the Cincinnati

a.

were brought to trial for trying to sabotage civilian government.

b.

were ridiculed for their lordly pretensions.

c.

were trying to force the Congress to pay them their pensions.

d.

reflected the Revolutionary War generation’s spirit of equality.

e.

represented the best of the officer corps.

ANSWER:

b

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The Pursuit of Equality

51. Why was it difficult to set up a new government in post-Revolutionary America?

a.

Each of the thirteen sovereign states had their own unique form of government.

b.

Few people wanted to serve as political leaders.

c.

Economic problems after the war complicated the situation for the new nation.

d.

The various states had little experience with self-government and were confused about how to proceed.

e.

There was much unity in the new nation but not many ideas about how best to govern.

ANSWER:

c

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

A Shaky Start toward Union

52. The world’s first antislavery society was founded by

a.

Thomas Jefferson.

b.

Quakers in Philadelphia.

c.

Baptists in New England.

d.

Catholics in Maryland.

e.

the Congregational church.

ANSWER:

b

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The Pursuit of Equality

53. As part of the egalitarianism of the American Revolution,

a.

several northern states abolished slavery.

b.

the international slave trade was completely outlawed.

c.

many states repealed laws against interracial marriage.

d.

women were granted the right to vote.

e.

Congress prohibited the expansion of slavery to the West.

ANSWER:

a

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Constitution Making in the States

54. Which factor inhibited unity among Americans in the 1780s?

a.

The harsh peace terms that Britain imposed angered many.

b.

The poor treatment of Loyalists troubled many conscience-stricken Americans.

c.

The increased economic hardship bred resentment and conflict.

d.

The new state constitutions seemed to give too much power to judges and governors.

e.

The notion of universal voting rights for men in many states angered American women.

ANSWER:

c

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Economic Crosscurrents
The Horrid Specter of Anarchy

55. Why did the Founders largely avoid addressing the question of whether to end slavery?

a.

They did not see it as a crucial issue for their new democracy.

b.

They feared a fight over slavery might destroy national unity.

c.

They were more concerned with securing equality for white men and women.

d.

They expected that the North would come to rely more heavily on slave labor.

e.

They knew the country depended on slavery and might not economically thrive without it.

ANSWER:

b

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The Pursuit of Equality

56. Which statement about the Massachusetts state constitution is FALSE?

a.

It was drafted by a special convention called for just that purpose.

b.

It was put directly to the state´s voters for ratification.

c.

It enshrined the ideal of rule by a “natural aristocracy” of talent.

d.

It served as a model for the drafting and ratification of the federal Constitution.

e.

It could only be amended by another special convention.

ANSWER:

c

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Constitution Making in the States

57. The most important outcome of the Revolution for white women was that they

a.

permanently gained the right to vote.

b.

were allowed to serve in the national legislature.

c.

were elevated to a newly prestigious role as special keepers of the nation’s conscience.

d.

were able to enter a wide range of professions.

e.

learned how to fight against male oppression.

ANSWER:

c

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The Pursuit of Equality

58. As written documents, the state constitutions were intended to

a.

represent a fundamental law superior to ordinary legislation.

b.

state the fundamental ideals underlying state laws.

c.

grant the governor more power than the legislature.

d.

keep the government in the hands of the well-to-do.

e.

reaffirm states’ rights.

ANSWER:

a

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Constitution Making in the States

59. The newly penned state constitutions enjoyed many features in common, including

a.

reliance on the supremacy of ordinary legislation.

b.

inclusion of a bill of rights.

c.

strong executive and judicial branches of government.

d.

sweeping powers for the executive branches.

e.

universal suffrage for all citizens.

ANSWER:

b

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Constitution Making in the States

60. What made New Jersey´s new constitution of 1776 unique?

a.

It granted free blacks the vote.

b.

It permanently disenfranchised all Loyalists.

c.

It enabled some women to vote (for a time).

d.

It was ratified by direct popular vote.

e.

It ceded all of the state´s lands west of Pennsylvania to the federal Congress.

ANSWER:

c

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The Pursuit of Equality

61. As a result of the Revolution, many state capitals were relocated westward

a.

to make use of the better roads that had been built.

b.

to prevent possible British capture.

c.

to take advantage of new water routes to the interior regions.

d.

to move them away from the more pretentious eastern seaports.

e.

to establish a basis for western land claims.

ANSWER:

d

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Constitution Making in the States

62. Which statement helps explain how America avoided the violent excesses of the French Revolution?

a.

American revolutionary principles were essentially unimportant to the actual conflict.

b.

The American Revolution brought very little social change.

c.

The abundance of cheap, available land served as a safety valve for economic discontent.

d.

The nation’s political democracy generated widespread consensus.

e.

The American aristocracy was socially enlightened.

ANSWER:

c

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Economic Crosscurrents

63. Wartime problems left the American economy damaged by the 1780s. What was NOT one of those problems?

a.

Runaway inflation

b.

Profiteering

c.

Build-up of British wartime surpluses that flooded into postwar America and hurt homegrown businesses

d.

Loss of capital due to widespread emancipation of slaves

e.

Speculation

ANSWER:

d

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

A Shaky Start toward Union
Economic Crosscurrents

64. The economic status of the average American at the end of the Revolutionary War was

a.

better than before the war.

b.

probably worse than before the war.

c.

about the same as before the war.

d.

closely tied to international economic developments.

e.

dependent on government assistance and subsidies.

ANSWER:

b

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Economic Crosscurrents

65. Why did some states decline to ratify the Articles of Confederation until 1781, four years after it was drafted?

a.

They wanted to retain the right to coin money.

b.

They feared giving Congress the power to negotiate treaties.

c.

They disliked the clause obligating them to raise armies and navies.

d.

They were struggling over the issue of western land.

e.

They disliked that the Articles required them to provide funds to Congress.

ANSWER:

d

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Creating a Confederation

66. The Second Continental Congress of revolutionary days

a.

operated with strong constitutional authority.

b.

functioned as a Revolutionary tribunal with direct authority over citizens and the army.

c.

shared equal authority with the states.

d.

was little more than a conference of ambassadors from independent states with very limited power.

e.

was most effective in developing a banking and currency system.

ANSWER:

d

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Creating a Confederation

67. After much debate, what finally enabled the Articles of Confederation to be approved by all thirteen states?

a.

The states reached an agreement on implementing a rotating presidency.

b.

The states finally agreed to give up their right to coin money.

c.

The states claiming western land reserves surrendered them to the national government.

d.

The states gave up their power to establish tariffs.

e.

The states agreed to add a two-house national legislature.

ANSWER:

c

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Creating a Confederation

78. Which group regarded Shay’s Rebellion as a sign that the Revolution had created “mobocracy” rather than democracy?

a.

Southern slaveowners

b.

Conservative, propertied Americans

c.

Revolutionary War veterans in debt

d.

proponents of pure democracy

e.

authors of the Anti-Federalist

ANSWER:

b

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The Horrid Specter of Anarchy

79. The debate between the supporters and critics of the Articles of Confederation centered on how to

a.

reconcile states’ rights with strong national government.

b.

bring territories into equal statehood.

c.

abolish slavery yet preserve national unity.

d.

balance the power of legislative and executive offices of government.

e.

create a civilian commander in chief of the military.

ANSWER:

a

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The Horrid Specter of Anarchy

80. The issue that finally touched off the movement toward the Constitutional Convention was

a.

control of public lands.

b.

control of interstate commerce.

c.

Indian policy.

d.

monetary policy.

e.

foreign threats to American independence.

ANSWER:

b

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

A Convention of “Demigods”

81. When the first attempt to revise the Articles of Confederation in 1786 in Annapolis failed, who engineered another convention in Philadelphia?

a.

George Washington

b.

Alexander Hamilton

c.

Benjamin Franklin

d.

James Madison

e.

Daniel Shays

ANSWER:

b

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

A Convention of “Demigods”

82. What was the original mandate of the Constitutional Convention?

a.

To write a completely new constitution

b.

To revive the spirit of Revolutionary unity

c.

To weaken the power of the central government

d.

To revise the Articles of Confederation

e.

To create three separate but equal branches of government

ANSWER:

d

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

A Convention of “Demigods”

83. Which Revolutionary leader was present at the Constitutional Convention?

a.

Benjamin Franklin

b.

Thomas Jefferson

c.

Samuel Adams

d.

John Adams

e.

Thomas Paine

ANSWER:

a

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

A Convention of “Demigods”

84. Whose contributions to the Philadelphia Convention were so notable that he has been called the “Father of the Constitution”?

a.

George Washington

b.

Benjamin Franklin

c.

James Madison

d.

Thomas Jefferson

e.

Patrick Henry

ANSWER:

c

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

A Convention of “Demigods”

85. Which statement about the fifty-five delegates at the Constitutional Convention is FALSE?

a.

Thomas Jefferson called them “demi-gods.”

b.

Nineteen of them owned slaves.

c.

They were chosen by general election in each state.

d.

Most had experience writing state constitutions.

e.

They unanimously elected George Washington their chairman.

ANSWER:

c

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

A Convention of “Demigods”
Patriots in Philadelphia

86. Most of the delegates at the Constitutional Convention could best be labeled as

a.

reactionaries.

b.

antifederalists.

c.

nationalists.

d.

inexperienced.

e.

revolutionaries.

ANSWER:

c

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Patriots in Philadelphia

87. The delegates to the 1787 Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia considered one of their most significant goals to be

a.

maintaining slavery.

b.

securing a national currency.

c.

raising revenues and a national army.

d.

crafting a government that would project strength at home and abroad.

e.

increasing social equality.

ANSWER:

e

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Patriots in Philadelphia

94. Most delegates to the Constitutional Convention believed that

a.

a government with two branches and checks and balances was ideal.

b.

the central government’s power should be weak compared to the states.

c.

universal manhood suffrage should be a central tenet.

d.

protecting private property was vital.

e.

the president should be elected by direct vote.

ANSWER:

d

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Safeguards for Conservatism

95. Under the original Constitution, the only part of the federal government elected by direct vote of citizens was the

a.

executive branch.

b.

House of Representatives.

c.

Supreme Court.

d.

electoral college.

e.

Senate.

ANSWER:

b

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Safeguards for Conservatism

96. The American people were surprised by the results of the Constitutional Convention for several reasons. What is NOT one of these reasons?

a.

The convention proceedings had been kept secret.

b.

The ratification process outlined in the Articles of Confederation had been discarded for a new process.

c.

The convention´s mandate was to revise the Articles of Confederation, not replace them.

d.

Some felt the hard-fought principle of state sovereignty had been trampled.

e.

The convention delegates seemed too diverse to reach any consensus.

ANSWER:

e

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The Clash of Federalists and Antifederalists

97. The Founders believed that the ultimate guarantor of liberty, justice, and order was

a.

a system of checks and balances.

b.

a written constitution.

c.

an independent judicial system.

d.

the virtue of the people.

e.

periodic protests by the people.

ANSWER:

d

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The Clash of Federalists and Antifederalists

98. The delegates at the Constitutional Convention stipulated that the new Constitution be ratified by

a.

specially elected state conventions.

b.

state legislatures.

c.

popular referendum.

d.

a majority vote in the Congress.

e.

town meetings.

ANSWER:

a

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The Clash of Federalists and Antifederalists

99. Which group was NOT generally among the antifederalists?

a.

The well educated

b.

States’ rights supporters

c.

Backcountry dwellers

d.

Paper money advocates

e.

Debtors

ANSWER:

a

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The Clash of Federalists and Antifederalists