The Art of Public Speaking Stephen Lucas 13e

The Art of Public Speaking Stephen Lucas 13e

Beginning and Ending the Speech

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he questions for each chapter are organized according to type: true-false, multiple-choice, short-answer, and essay. Within each of these categories, questions are clustered by topic, roughly following the order of topics in the textbook.

To provide as much flexibility as possible in constructing examinations, there is deliberate overlap among the questions, both within and across question types. This enables you to choose the wording and question type that best fits your testing objectives. In deciding which questions to use, take care to avoid items such as a multiple-choice question that gives away the answer to a true-false or short-answer question, or an essay question that covers essentially the same ground as a true-false, short-answer, or multiple-choice question.

Each type of question—true-false, multiple-choice, short-answer, and essay—has an automatic numbering system, which means you can copy and paste items from within a question type, and they will automatically number themselves consecutively, beginning with “1.” The five answer choices for each multiple-choice question are also ordered automatically, so you can add, change, or reorder answer choices without rearranging the lettering.

If you would like to preserve the fonts, indents, and tabs of the original questions, you can copy and paste questions into the Exam Master provided at the end of the Test Bank. In the Exam Master, spaces for your course name, exam type, and the student’s name and section are followed by headings and instructions for true-false, multiple-choice, short-answer, and essay questions. You can add elements unique to your exams and delete elements you don’t want to use. After you customize the Exam Master, you can save it with your changes. Then, each time you open it, click “Save As” to give it the name of the exam you are currently constructing.

True-False Questions

1. T F According to your textbook, opening your speech with a strong introduction is an excellent way to boost your confidence.
2. T F Regardless of what other methods you use to gain attention, you should always relate the topic to your audience in the introduction of a speech.
3. T F It is seldom a good idea to discuss the importance of your topic in the introduction of a speech.
4. T F The first thing you should do in the introduction of a speech is to reveal the topic.
5. T F A startling introduction is effective only if it is firmly related to the speech topic.
6. T F Building suspense about the topic in your introduction is a good way to pull your listeners into a speech.
7. T F A rhetorical question is a question that the audience answers mentally rather than out loud.
8. T F When you use a rhetorical question to gain attention in a speech introduction, you should state the question, pause a moment, and then give the answer.
9. T F Opening your speech with a lengthy quotation is an excellent way to gain the attention of your audience.
10. T F A story is an effective way to get the interest and attention of the audience, regardless of how well the story is delivered.
11. T F Using visual aids is an acceptable method of gaining attention in the introduction of a speech.
12. T F Using visual aids in a speech introduction is an ineffective way to gain the interest and attention of the audience.
13. T F The best way to gain the audience’s attention and interest in a speech introduction usually depends on the topic, the audience, and the occasion.
14. T F If your topic is clear in the body of the speech, there is no need to state it in the introduction.
15. T F It is usually a good idea to restate your topic at some point in the introduction, even if the listeners already know it.
16. T F Credibility is the audience’s perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic.
17. T F Establishing credibility is an important function of a speech introduction.
18. T F One way to establish your credibility in a speech introduction is to let the audience know the source of your expertise.
19. T F It is appropriate to establish your credibility in a speech introduction by letting your audience know that your information comes from reading, classes, or other sources.
20. T F Goodwill is the audience’s perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic.
21. T F Goodwill is the audience’s perception of whether the speaker has the best interests of the audience in mind.
22. T F Establishing goodwill is more likely to be necessary in the introduction of a persuasive speech than in the introduction of an informative speech.
23. T F Establishing goodwill is more likely to be necessary in the introduction of an informative speech than in the introduction of a persuasive speech.
24. T F Establishing goodwill is especially necessary in the introduction of a speech presented to a hostile audience.
25. T F One function of a preview statement is to signal that the body of the speech is about to begin.
26. T F The preview statement is usually the last component of the speech introduction and serves as a bridge to the body of the speech.
27. T F A preview statement is usually necessary in the introduction even when a speaker is addressing an audience that is well informed about the topic.
28. T F The preview statement in a speech introduction identifies the main points to be discussed in the body.
29. T F Under normal circumstances, the introduction should constitute about 10 to 20 percent of a speech.
30. T F As your textbook explains, you should usually work out the exact wording of your introduction before you prepare the body of your speech.
31. T F Under normal circumstances, you should work out the exact wording of your introduction after you have finished preparing the body of your speech.
32. T F Your textbook advises that you work out your introduction in detail and practice it until you can deliver it smoothly and with strong eye contact.
33. T F Your introduction will have the greatest impact if you begin to speak the moment you reach the front of the room.
34. T F An excellent way to get your audience’s initial attention is to look at them for a moment without saying a word.
35. T F One function of a speech conclusion is to establish the credibility of the speaker.
36. T F Arousing the curiosity of the audience is one of the major functions of a speech conclusion discussed in your textbook.
37. T F It is inappropriate for a public speaker to say anything so obvious as “in conclusion.”
38. T F The only way to convey that your speech is ending is through the use of words such as “in conclusion.”
39. T F A speech conclusion that builds in power and intensity as it moves toward the closing line is known as a crescendo ending.
40. T F The crescendo conclusion is essentially a matter of the speaker getting louder and louder as the speech comes to an end.
41. T F A speech conclusion that builds in power and intensity as it moves toward the closing line is known as a dissolve ending.
42. T F A dissolve ending is a conclusion that generates emotional appeal by fading step by step to a dramatic final statement.
43. T F One function of a speech conclusion is to reinforce the speaker’s central idea.
44. T F It is overly repetitious to restate the main points in the conclusion of a speech.
45. T F Using a quotation is one of the most common and effective ways to conclude a speech.
46. T F Your textbook advises that a closing quotation for a speech should be brief.
47. T F When concluding a speech, it is inappropriate to end with a dramatic statement.
48. T F When concluding a speech, you should seldom refer back to ideas mentioned in the introduction.
49. T F Referring back to the introduction in your conclusion is a good way to give the speech psychological unity.
50. T F The conclusion should normally comprise about 5 to 10 percent of a speech.
51. T F The conclusion should normally make up about 25 percent of a speech.

Multiple-Choice Questions (Students are to indicate the best answer for each question by circling the correct letter.)

1. According to your textbook, when you are in a formal speaking situation, the most effective way of gaining the initial attention of your audience after you walk to the front of the room is
   1. asking someone to lower the lights.
   2. beginning to speak loudly and clearly.
   3. rapping your hand lightly on the lectern until everyone is quiet.
   4. looking directly at the audience without saying a word.
   5. asking everyone to be quiet and pay attention.
2. Which of the following is a basic objective of a speech introduction?
   1. Reinforce the central idea.
   2. Preview the main points.
   3. Gain the attention of the audience.
   4. all of the above
   5. b and c only
3. Which of the following is a major objective of a speech introduction?
   1. Reveal the topic.
   2. Identify the audience.
   3. Reinforce the central idea.
   4. all of the above
   5. a and c only
4. All of the following are basic objectives of a speech introduction except
   1. Establish credibility and goodwill.
   2. Support your main points.
   3. Reveal the topic of the speech.
   4. Preview the body of the speech.
   5. Get the audience’s attention and interest.
5. Which of the following would you expect to find in a well-constructed speech introduction?
   1. a statement establishing the speaker’s credibility
   2. a statement gaining the audience’s attention
   3. a statement previewing the main points of the speech
   4. all of the above
   5. a and b only
6. When used in a speech introduction, telling a story, asking a question, making a startling statement, and arousing curiosity are all methods of
   1. previewing the body of the speech.
   2. enhancing the speaker’s credibility.
   3. establishing goodwill with the audience.
   4. revealing the topic of the speech.
   5. gaining the attention of the audience.
7. Which of the following would you most likely find in a well-constructed speech introduction?
   1. a visual aid
   2. a preview statement
   3. an internal summary
   4. a research citation
   5. a lengthy quotation
8. Which of the following would you most likely find in a well-constructed speech introduction?
   1. a transition
   2. an internal summary
   3. a lengthy quotation
   4. a startling statement
   5. a causal argument
9. Which of the following would you most likely find in a speech introduction?
   1. a credibility statement
   2. a transition
   3. a causal argument
   4. an internal summary
   5. a call to action
10. Which of the following would you least likely find in a speech introduction?
    1. a preview statement
    2. an announcement of the topic
    3. a brief quotation
    4. a credibility statement
    5. an internal summary
11. According to your textbook, each of the following is a way of gaining the audience’s attention and interest except
    1. stating the importance of the topic.
    2. previewing the body of the speech.
    3. arousing the audience’s curiosity.
    4. relating the topic to the audience.
    5. telling an interesting story.
12. Which of the following is least likely to gain the attention and interest of the audience?
    1. a rhetorical question
    2. an intriguing statement
    3. a lengthy quotation
    4. striking statistics
    5. a personal story
13. Even when you use other interest-arousing lures in a speech introduction, you should always
    1. startle the audience.
    2. use a rhetorical question.
    3. relate the topic to the audience.
    4. tell an interesting story.
    5. present striking statistics.
14. When preparing a speech introduction, you should usually
    1. preview the main points to be discussed in the body.
    2. gain the attention and interest of your audience.
    3. establish your credibility on the speech topic.
    4. all of the above.
    5. a and b only.
15. When preparing a speech introduction, you should usually
    1. reveal the topic of the speech.
    2. support the central idea with evidence.
    3. preview the main points of the speech.
    4. all of the above.
    5. a and c only.
16. __________ is the audience’s perception of whether the speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic.
    1. Identification
    2. Goodwill
    3. Connectivity
    4. Egocentrism
    5. Credibility
17. According to your textbook, you can establish your credibility in a speech introduction by
    1. explaining your firsthand knowledge and experience with the topic.
    2. introducing the topic to your audience with technical language.
    3. stating that you have learned about the topic through your research.
    4. all of the above.
    5. a and c only.
18. According to your textbook, __________ is the audience’s perception of whether a speaker has the best interests of the audience in mind.
    1. goodwill
    2. receptiveness
    3. identification
    4. connectedness
    5. egocentrism
19. When you advocate a highly unpopular position, it is particularly important to __________ in the introduction of your speech.
    1. tell a story
    2. define unclear terms
    3. have a concise preview statement
    4. state the importance of the topic
    5. establish goodwill toward the audience
20. According to your textbook, a speaker who attempts to establish goodwill in the introduction of a speech is aiming to convince the audience that she or he
    1. will not talk for a long time.
    2. has the best interests of the audience in mind.
    3. is willing to take questions at the end of the speech.
    4. will avoid using illogical arguments.
    5. is qualified to speak on the topic.
21. Creating goodwill is especially important in the introduction of a(n) __________ speech.
    1. commemorative
    2. acceptance
    3. persuasive
    4. after-dinner
    5. informative
22. When preparing an introduction for a speech to a hostile audience, you should be especially careful to
    1. preview the body of the speech.
    2. establish credibility and goodwill.
    3. state the importance of the topic.
    4. use statistics in the introduction.
    5. arouse the curiosity of the audience.
23. According to your textbook, the last part of a speech introduction usually
    1. establishes the speaker’s credibility.
    2. identifies the topic of the speech.
    3. previews the main points in the body.
    4. relates the topic to the audience.
    5. shows the speaker’s goodwill.
24. According to your textbook, the preview statement
    1. lets the audience know the sources of your information.
    2. is usually the last part of a speech introduction.
    3. signals that the body of the speech is about to begin.
    4. all of the above.
    5. b and c only.
25. According to your textbook, the preview statement in a speech introduction
    1. identifies the main points in the body of the speech.
    2. usually comes before the speaker’s credibility statement.
    3. is used to relate the topic to the interests of the audience.
    4. all of the above.
    5. b and c only.
26. When you need to make sure an audience has the information necessary to understand the body of your speech, your preview statement in the introduction might include a
    1. credibility statement.
    2. statistical reference.
    3. all of the above.
    4. a and c only.
27. If you were giving an informative speech to your classmates on the subject of fracking, you would probably include a __________ in your introduction.
    1. quotation
    2. startling statement
    3. rhetorical question
    4. story
    5. definition
28. As your textbook explains, when preparing a speech introduction, you should usually
    1. look for a lengthy quotation to get the interest of your audience.
    2. make the introduction about 10 to 20 percent of the entire speech.
    3. plan to begin speaking immediately so the audience will quiet down.
    4. all of the above.
    5. b and c only.
29. What does your textbook say about preparing effective speech introductions?
    1. The best introduction is likely to be the one that comes to mind first.
    2. A lengthy quotation can gain attention and help build credibility.
    3. Determine the exact wording of the introduction before preparing the body.
    4. Plan to deliver the introduction impromptu so it will be spontaneous.
    5. Make your introduction no more than 10 to 20 percent of the entire speech.
30. To prepare an effective speech introduction, your textbook recommends that you
    1. keep your introduction relatively brief.
    2. be creative in devising your introduction.
    3. work out your introduction in detail.
    4. all of the above.
    5. a and b only.
31. When preparing a speech introduction, your textbook recommends that you
    1. experiment with different openings until you find the best one.
    2. practice your introduction until you can deliver it with strong eye contact.
    3. start delivering your introduction while you are walking to the front of the room.
    4. all of the above.
    5. a and b only.
32. When preparing a speech introduction, your textbook recommends that you
    1. keep an eye out for introductory material as you research your speech.
    2. make sure the introduction is at least 25 percent of your speech.
    3. perfect the introduction before you work on the body of your speech.
    4. all of the above.
    5. a and b only.
33. When preparing a speech introduction, you should usually
    1. practice the introduction no more than two or three times.
    2. make sure the introduction takes up 25 percent of the speech.
    3. complete the introduction after the body of the speech.
    4. stick with the first introduction that comes to mind.
    5. use humor to gain the audience’s attention and interest.
34. The best time to work out the exact wording of a speech introduction is
    1. shortly after you determine the central idea.
    2. before you work out the conclusion.
    3. when you prepare your speaking outline.
    4. after you prepare the body of the speech.
    5. as you rise to deliver an extemporaneous speech.
35. According to your textbook, the best time to work out the exact wording of a speech introduction is
    1. while you are researching the speech.
    2. as you rise to deliver a persuasive speech.
    3. at the same time as you formulate the specific purpose.
    4. after you prepare the body of the speech.
    5. before you finish phrasing the central idea.
36. Molly began her speech as follows:

I want all of you to think about your day. What did you eat? How active were you? How late will it be before you go to sleep? These are among the things we will look at during my speech.

Which of the following methods did Molly use for gaining attention and interest?

1. questioning the audience
2. stating the importance of the topic
3. relating the topic to the audience
4. all of the above
5. a and c only

37. Paul began his speech as follows:

They called Lou Gehrig the iron horse. This tireless worker played an astounding 2,130 consecutive baseball games even though he experienced 17 hand fractures during those years. This would be like one of us never missing a day of school for over 13 years. Can you imagine completing kindergarten through your senior year with perfect attendance? Never taking a sick day, never a college visit day, or even senior skip day. And, to match Gehrig, you would also have to end your school career with an A average.

What method for gaining attention and interest did Paul use?

1. revealing the general purpose
2. relating the topic to the audience
3. previewing the body of the speech
4. stating the importance of the topic
5. summarizing the central idea

38. Leung began the introduction of his informative speech with these words:

How many of you just can’t wait until spring break? How many of you plan to hit the road about a minute after your last class lets out? How many of you are looking forward to having a great time?

Which objective of a speech introduction were these words designed to fulfill?

1. reveal the topic of the speech
2. indicate the importance of the topic
3. gain the attention of the audience
4. enhance the credibility of the speaker
5. preview the main points of the speech

39. Victoria began the introduction of her persuasive speech with these words:

Think back to the number of times you’ve taken an antibiotic in your life. Antibiotics have probably helped cure your ear infections, your strep throats, and more. But what if you got one of those diseases today, and the antibiotics that used to cure them didn’t work anymore? Or what if you got a skin infection and died because there was no antibiotic your doctor could use to treat it?

What method for gaining attention and interest did Victoria use?

1. previewing the body of the speech
2. revealing the general purpose
3. summarizing the central idea
4. relating the topic to the audience
5. stating the importance of the topic

40. Tobias began his informative speech by saying:

You hear a noise under the hood of your car, so you pull over to the side of the road. Your engine goes dead; you try to start the car, but it just sits there. Then you see a lot of black smoke. What’s happened? Why won’t your car go anywhere?

What method for gaining attention and interest did Tobias use?

1. establishing goodwill with the audience
2. arousing the curiosity of the audience
3. stating the importance of the topic
4. presenting a startling statement
5. establishing his credibility as a speaker

41. Damon began his persuasive speech about wildfires in the western United States by giving examples of destructive fires in recent years. As he described the fires, he used PowerPoint to display images that enhanced the impact of his words. What method for gaining attention and interest did Damon use?
    1. beginning with a quotation
    2. summarizing the central idea
    3. questioning the audience
    4. previewing the body of the speech
    5. using visual aids
42. If a real estate developer were speaking to a group of citizens opposed to the creation of a shopping center in their neighborhood, the most important objective of her or his introduction would probably be to
    1. gain the attention of the audience.
    2. reveal the topic of the speech.
    3. relate the topic to the audience.
    4. state the importance of the topic.
    5. create goodwill with the audience.
43. If Robert Downey Jr. were to deliver a speech about developments in particle physics, his main task in the introduction of his speech would probably be to
    1. establish credibility.
    2. reveal the topic.
    3. gain attention.
    4. preview the body.
    5. define key terms.
44. If Scarlett Johansson were to deliver a speech on international diplomacy, her main task in the introduction would be to
    1. reveal the topic of her speech.
    2. gain attention and interest.
    3. preview the body of her speech.
    4. establish her credibility on the topic.
    5. state the importance of her topic.
45. The following passage from a speech introduction is an example of __________ .

After attending a seminar on currency security, I became fascinated by the technology developed by the Treasury Department to prevent the counterfeiting of paper money. I learned more about the subject by reading information from the Treasury Department, as well as by interviewing Donna Marshall, a security expert at Bank of America.

1. revealing the topic
2. previewing the body
3. stating the importance of the topic
4. establishing the speaker’s credibility
5. relating to the audience

46. In the introduction to her speech on volunteering, Fatimah mentioned that she spends a few hours every Saturday morning helping out at the local food bank. By doing so, she was seeking to accomplish which goal of a speech introduction?
    1. reveal the topic
    2. gain attention
    3. establish credibility
    4. preview the speech
    5. relate to the audience
47. In the introduction to his speech on the art of digital photography, Terrance mentioned that he works part time at a camera shop and has had some of his pictures printed in the newspaper. By sharing this information with his audience, Terrance was seeking to accomplish which goal of a speech introduction?
    1. gain attention
    2. preview the speech
    3. reveal the topic
    4. relate to the audience
    5. establish credibility
48. In the introduction of her speech on bike paths, Shannon mentioned her involvement with a local cycling club and her work on a grant requesting state funding for a local bike trail. By sharing this information with her audience, Shannon was seeking to accomplish which goal of a speech introduction?
    1. gain attention
    2. establish credibility
    3. preview the body of the speech
    4. relate to the audience
    5. reveal the topic
49. In the introduction of his speech on the Special Olympics, Amir mentioned that he had attended the events last year to cheer on a family friend who was competing in some races. Sharing this information with the audience helped Amir achieve which goal of a speech introduction?
    1. relating to the audience
    2. generating emotional appeal
    3. stating the importance of the topic
    4. establishing credibility
    5. previewing the body
50. According to your textbook, the following passage from a speech introduction is an example of a(n) __________ .

I became interested in canine companions two years ago when my older sister, who was paralyzed in a car accident, received a canine companion named Lucky. Since then I have learned more about the subject by watching Lucky, by talking with my sister, and by reading a number of articles and pamphlets.

1. preview statement
2. narrative statement
3. credibility statement
4. attention statement
5. thesis statement

51. According to your textbook, the following passage from a speech introduction is an example of a(n) __________ .

Today I would like to share what I have learned about attention deficit disorder by first discussing its effects on people and then looking at the treatments that can be used to help people with this condition.

1. opening statement
2. attention statement
3. preview statement
4. credibility statement
5. transition statement

52. Which objective of a good speech introduction is fulfilled by the following statement?

Today we will explore the three most important forms of intellectual property protection—copyrights, trademarks, and patents.

1. preview the body
2. establish the speaker’s goodwill
3. state the importance of the topic
4. summarize the introduction
5. relate to the audience

53. Which objective of a good speech introduction is fulfilled by the following statement?

Today we’re going to look at the three parts that go into making a skateboard—the plank, the wheels, and the “truck.”

1. relate to the audience
2. state the importance of the topic
3. preview the body
4. establish the speaker’s goodwill
5. summarize the introduction

54. Which objective of a good speech introduction is fulfilled by the following statement?

This morning I’ll explain the four kinds of exercises you need to make a complete fitness program—aerobic, strengthening, endurance, and flexibility.

1. summarize the introduction
2. relate to the audience
3. state the importance of the topic
4. preview the body of the speech
5. establish the speaker’s goodwill

55. According to your textbook, the following passage from a speech introduction is an example of a(n) __________ .

In order for you to understand why the mariachi are significant to Hispanic culture, I will give you a brief overview of the history of the mariachi, their style of dress, and the ways they are used in entertainment today.

1. preview statement
2. credibility statement
3. transition statement
4. attention statement
5. summary statement

56. According to your textbook, the following passage from a speech introduction is an example of a(n) __________ .

In my speech today, I will show you the serious health dangers posed by the flu, and I will urge each of you to get a flu shot every year without fail.

1. preview statement
2. transition statement
3. credibility statement
4. attention statement
5. summary statement

57. What does your textbook say about preparing an effective speech conclusion?
    1. Make your conclusion about 5 to 10 percent of the entire speech.
    2. Work especially hard on establishing your credibility in the conclusion.
    3. Keep an eye out for concluding materials as you research the speech.
    4. all of the above
    5. a and c only
58. According to your textbook, which of the following statements about speech conclusions is true?
    1. Ending a speech abruptly is an excellent way to reinforce the speaker’s central idea.
    2. The last sentence of a speech should usually offer to answer questions from the audience.
    3. It is usually best to let a conclusion grow out of the inspiration of the moment.
    4. all of the above
    5. none of the above
59. What does your textbook say about preparing effective speech conclusions?
    1. Be sure to reinforce your credibility before ending the speech.
    2. The best conclusion is likely to be the one that comes to mind first.
    3. Leave most of the conclusion to chance so it will sound natural.
    4. Make your conclusion about 5 to 10 percent of the entire speech.
    5. Use an extended example in the conclusion for emotional appeal.
60. The conclusion of a speech is an appropriate time to
    1. add supporting materials you could not work into the body.
    2. reinforce your listeners’ commitment to the central idea.
    3. apologize for any mistakes you made during the speech.
    4. all of the above.
    5. b and c only.