Stern’s Introductory Plant Biology 14th Edition James Bidlack – Test Bank

Stern’s Introductory Plant Biology 14th Edition James Bidlack – Test Bank

Stern’s Introductory Plant Biology, 14e (Bidlack)

Chapter 7 Leaves

1) Typical leaves function as ________ in the plant.

1. A) a heat source
2. B) solar panels
3. C) mineral absorption organs
4. D) storage organs
5. E) water absorption organs

2) Plants whose leaves fall off at the end of the growing season are

1. A) partially evergreen.
2. B) conifers.
3. C) biennials.
4. D) deciduous.
5. E) dying.

3) A cluster of leaflets attached to the end of the petiole would be characteristic of a

1. A) pinnately compound leaf.
2. B) palmately compound leaf.
3. C) twice pinnately compound leaf.
4. D) whorled leaf.
5. E) simple leaf.

4) A leaf that lacks a petiole is termed

1. A) clasping.
2. B) sheathing.
3. C) emergent.
4. D) dentate.
5. E) sessile.

5) All leaves originate as

1. A) bud scales.
2. B) primordia.
3. C) axillary buds.
4. D) terminal buds.
5. E) stipules.

6) The plant part that facilitates a leaf blade being oriented at right angles to the sun is a/an

1. A) stipule.
2. B) axillary bud.
3. C) terminal bud.
4. D) midrib.
5. E) petiole.

7) Which of the following is a function of a stoma?

1. A) diffusion of oxygen to the interior of a leaf
2. B) diffusion of carbon dioxide out of the leaf
3. C) allowing light to reach the interior of a leaf
4. D) facilitating transpiration
5. E) All of these answers are correct.

8) Which of the following is primarily responsible for forcing water out of hydathodes?

1. A) root pressures
2. B) transpiration
3. C) osmosis
4. D) photosynthesis
5. E) None of these answers are correct.

9) A ________ leaf has a single expanse of blade tissue.

1. A) pinnately compound
2. B) palmately compound
3. C) simple
4. D) rachis
5. E) bipinnately compound

10) The arrangement of leaves on a stem is referred to as ________.

1. A) the venation
2. B) alternate
3. C) nodular
4. D) phyllotaxy
5. E) random distribution

11) Bracts are

1. A) modified flower petals.
2. B) reproductive leaves.
3. C) found at the bases of flowers or flower stalks.
4. D) the general name for insect-trapping leaves.
5. E) leaves modified as spines.

12) A leaf arrangement in which there are three or more leaves at a node is called

1. A) alternate.
2. B) opposite.
3. C) palmate.
4. D) whorled.
5. E) pinnate.

13) A leaf arrangement in which there are two leaves at a node is called ________.

1. A) alternate
2. B) opposite
3. C) palmate
4. D) whorled
5. E) crowded

14) Which statement about venation is INCORRECT?

1. A) Venation refers to arrangement of the veins within a leaf.
2. B) Venation patterns include pinnate, palmate and dichotomous.
3. C) Some flowering plants have leaves that lack venation even though the stems and roots have vascular bundles.
4. D) In general, monocots exhibit parallel venation.
5. E) Venation is important for delivering water to leaf cells and taking sugars to the stem.

15) Which of the following do guard cells and palisade mesophyll cells have in common?

1. A) cuticle wax
2. B) thick walls
3. C) chloroplasts
4. D) vascular bundles
5. E) fibers

16) Leaf veins are located in which of the following?

1. A) upper epidermis
2. B) enations
3. C) lower epidermis
4. D) endodermis
5. E) mesophyll

17) The venation that forks repeatedly in leaves is termed

1. A) pinnate.
2. B) palmate.
3. C) dichotomous.
4. D) bilateral.
5. E) parallel.

18) The jacket of cells surrounding a leaf vein is usually termed a/an

1. A) bundle sheath.
2. B) protective parenchyma layer.
3. C) fiber-tracheid layer.
4. D) ray.
5. E) myelin sheath.

19) The epidermis of leaves normally is coated with

1. A) suberin.
2. B) lignin.
3. C) resin.
4. D) latex.
5. E) cutin.

20) In a leaf such as a sunflower, the average number of stomates on the lower surface is approximately ________.

1. A) 2,000,000
2. B) 18,000
3. C) 5,000.
4. D) 250.
5. E) 25.

21) The opening and closing of stomata is governed by ________ levels in the guard cells.

1. A) salt
2. B) chlorophyll
3. C) water
4. D) acid
5. E) sodium

22) Another name for mesophyll cells is

1. A) collenchyma.
2. B) chlorenchyma.
3. C) sclerenchyma.
4. D) cortex.
5. E) pith.

23) The large cells of certain grass leaves that permit the leaves to roll up under dry conditions are

1. A) pulvinar cells.
2. B) collenchyma cells.
3. C) bulliform cells.
4. D) aerenchyma cells.
5. E) aridophile cells.

24) In most leaves the number of stomata per square centimeter of surface is

50. A) 25–50.
51. B) 100–200.
52. C) 250–500.
53. D) 500–750.
54. E) over 1,000.

25) Because of the greater light intensity and heat absorption on the upper surface of the leaf, the upper surface has

1. A) more stomata than the lower surface does.
2. B) fewer stomata than the lower surface does.
3. C) a thicker cuticle than the lower surface does.
4. D) both more stomata and a thicker cuticle than the lower surface does.
5. E) both fewer stomata and a thicker cuticle than the lower surface does.

26) The spongy mesophyll is so named because it

1. A) has numerous intercellular spaces.
2. B) absorbs and holds quantities of water.
3. C) is soft and delicate and easily damaged.
4. D) is in the middle of the leaf.
5. E) Both absorbs and holds quantities of water and is soft and delicate and easily damaged are correct.

27) Xylem and phloem in a leaf are part of the

1. A) veins.
2. B) epidermis.
3. C) spongy mesophyll.
4. D) palisade mesophyll.
5. E) None of these answers are correct.

28) Sugars produced in photosynthesis are “loaded” into the ________ of the leaf for transport throughout the plant.

1. A) mesophyll
2. B) phloem
3. C) xylem
4. D) bundle fibers
5. E) cuticle

29) A conspicuous organelle at the light microscope level in cells of the palisade mesophyll would be

1. A) chloroplasts.
2. B) nucleoli.
3. C) mitochondria.
4. D) vacuoles.
5. E) ribosomes.

30) Stomata are part of this tissue.

1. A) spongy mesophyll
2. B) palisade mesophyll
3. C) vascular bundles
4. D) epidermis
5. E) phloem parenchyma

31) Which leaf cells often resemble jigsaw puzzle pieces when viewed from the top?

1. A) epidermal cells
2. B) palisade mesophyll cells
3. C) spongy mesophyll cells
4. D) vein phloem cells
5. E) None of these answers are correct.

32) Leaf venation patterns in ________ leaves are usually netlike or reticulate.

1. A) dicot
2. B) monocot
3. C) grass
4. D) very small
5. E) large leaves such as banana

33) Which of the following is NOT a specialized leaf?

1. A) Venus flytrap
2. B) Irish (white) potato
3. C) pitcher of a pitcher plant
4. D) tendril of a pea plant
5. E) sundew “trap”

34) Which of the following specialized leaves are found in plants living in arid environments?

1. A) window leaves
2. B) flower pot leaves
3. C) reproductive leaves
4. D) succulent leaves
5. E) both window leaves and succulent leaves

35) Flower pot leaves provide ________. In turn, adventitious roots harvest minerals from the resulting accumulation of nutrient-rich material.

1. A) a haven for ant nests
2. B) succulent leaves with water storage
3. C) a trap for dust and rain
4. D) storage of excess starch
5. E) a place for seeds to germinate

36) Which is a morphological adaptation to reduce water loss from the leaf?

1. A) thin cuticle
2. B) densely hairy leaves
3. C) stomates on upper surface only
4. D) extra pigmentation
5. E) flat, broad leaves

37) Which of the following is known to be modified as a tendril?

1. A) rachis
2. B) leaflet
3. C) stipule
4. D) petiole
5. E) All of these answers are correct.

38) Which of the following is a typical characteristic of a shade leaf (as opposed to a leaf of the same plant that is fully exposed to the sun)?

1. A) thicker blade
2. B) larger number of hairs
3. C) more chloroplasts
4. D) fewer, well-defined mesophyll layers
5. E) smaller in overall size

39) In spines most of the normal leaf tissue is replaced with

1. A) collenchyma.
2. B) chlorenchyma.
3. C) sclerenchyma.
4. D) ray cells.
5. E) cortex.

40) Which of the following insect-trapping leaves do NOT have active traps?

1. A) sundews
2. B) pitcher plants
3. C) butterworts
4. D) bladderworts
5. E) Venus flytraps

41) Modified leaves are used by insectivorous plants to trap insects. One such plant that has movable modified leaves is

1. A) Venus flytrap.
2. B) sun mellon.
3. C) pitcher plant.
4. D) bladderwort.
5. E) Both Venus flytrap and pitcher plant are correct.

42) Which of the following leaf pigments is/are red if the cell sap is slightly acid and blue if the cell sap is slightly alkaline?

1. A) carotenes
2. B) xanthophylls
3. C) chlorophyll a
4. D) anthocyanins
5. E) chlorophyll b

43) The leaf pigments mostly responsible for gold to orange leaf colors in the fall are

1. A) xanthophylls.
2. B) anthocyanins.
3. C) betacyanins.
4. D) carotenes.
5. E) chlorophylls.

44) In the abscission zone of the leaf, which of the following is closest to the stem?

1. A) separation layer
2. B) gelatinous layer
3. C) protective layer
4. D) hormonal layer
5. E) None of these answers are correct.

45) Which of the following may cause pectins in the middle lamella of cells of the separation layer to break down in the fall?

1. A) decreasing daylengths
2. B) lower temperatures
3. C) decreasing light intensities
4. D) lack of adequate water
5. E) All of these answers are correct.

46) Which of the following drugs is NOT obtained from leaves?

1. A) cocaine
2. B) penicillin
3. C) belladonna
4. D) digitalis
5. E) lobeline sulphate

47) Which of the following beverages is manufactured or brewed from leaves?

1. A) tequila
2. B) absinthe
3. C) pulque
4. D) mate
5. E) All of these answers are correct.

48) Which of these plants produce leaves with chemicals that affect the behavior and/or mood of people?

1. A) tobacco
2. B) tea
3. C) coca
4. D) marijuana
5. E) All of these answers are correct.

49) In an energy-conscious world, people may plant more trees around their homes because ________.

1. A) they may use the trees for fuel
2. B) leaves of trees provide shade and reduce energy use for cooling homes
3. C) the leaves serve as insulation during winter
4. D) leaves may be composted for soil fertility
5. E) trees protect the roof from wind damage

50) Leaves of ________ provide fibers for production of cordage, ropes, and other textiles.

1. A) Manila hemp, a relative of the banana,
2. B) cotton
3. C) flax
4. D) nettle
5. E) lacebark elm

51) Monocots generally have net-veined leaves.

52) Leaf mesophyll consists primarily of chlorenchyma tissue.

53) If you were looking for bundle sheath cells in a leaf, you would usually find them forming a layer next to the upper epidermis.

54) Stomata open when the water content of the guard cells increases.

55) Bracts function as little windows that admit light to the interior of the leaf.

56) All healthy leaves of insectivorous plants actively trap insects and other small organisms.

57) Insectivorous plants trap and digest insects and other small organisms to get nitrogen which is lacking in the soils of their environments.

58) The protective layer of an abscission zone serves to prevent water loss after the leaf falls off the plant.

59) Anthocyanins are the principal pigments responsible for yellow and orange colors in fall leaves.

60) Most natural ropes and twines are made from leaf fibers.

61) Pinnately compound leaves have leaflets in pairs along a rachis.

62) Most photosynthesis in a leaf takes place in the spongy mesophyll.

63) Betacyanins are pigments that are usually red.

64) Few, if any, drugs are obtained from leaves.

65) All leaves originate as primordia on the surface of the stem apical meristem.