Name: Stars And Galaxies 10th Edition by Michael A. Seeds - Test Bank
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Stars And Galaxies 10th Edition by Michael A. Seeds – Test Bank

Chapter 09: The Family of Stars

True / False

1. A star’s absolute brightness is calculated at a standard distance of 10 parsecs.

True

False

ANSWER:

True

REFERENCES:

9-2 Apparent Brightness, Intrinsic Brightness, and Luminosity

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-1 – How far away are the stars?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Remember

2. All stars produce an absorption spectra.

True

False

ANSWER:

True

REFERENCES:

9-3 Stellar Spectra

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-3 – How do spectra of stars allow you to determine their temperatures?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

3. Recently discovered brown dwarfs have spectra similar to cool O-type stars.

True

False

ANSWER:

False

REFERENCES:

9-3 Stellar Spectra

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-3 – How do spectra of stars allow you to determine their temperatures?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

4. The spectral classification of stars started with the amount of hydrogen present in their spectra, but a better method now uses the amount of oxygen in the star’s spectra.

True

False

ANSWER:

False

REFERENCES:

9-3 Stellar Spectra

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-3 – How do spectra of stars allow you to determine their temperatures?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

5. The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram is a plot for stars using absolute magnitude versus temperature.

True

False

ANSWER:

True

REFERENCES:

9-4 Star Sizes

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-3 – How do spectra of stars allow you to determine their temperatures?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

6. If two stars are emitting the same amount of light, the star that is farther will appear dimmer.

True

False

ANSWER:

True

REFERENCES:

9-2 Apparent Brightness, Intrinsic Brightness, and Luminosity

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-2 – How much energy do stars make?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

7. Stars of low luminosity will always have large positive absolute magnitude.

True

False

ANSWER:

True

REFERENCES:

9-2 Apparent Brightness, Intrinsic Brightness, and Luminosity

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-2 – How much energy do stars make?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

8. The most accurate way to determine the surface temperature of a star is to study the pattern of emission lines from various atoms.

True

False

ANSWER:

False

REFERENCES:

9-3 Stellar Spectra

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-3 – How do spectra of stars allow you to determine their temperatures?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

9. A star’s apparent magnitude is a measure of how bright it appears to us if it is at its actual distance.

True

False

ANSWER:

True

REFERENCES:

9-2 Apparent Brightness, Intrinsic Brightness, and Luminosity

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-2 – How much energy do stars make?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

10. The luminosity class is assigned to a star by studying the absorption lines in the spectrum of the star.

True

False

ANSWER:

True

REFERENCES:

9-4 Star Sizes

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-4 – How big are stars?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

11. For stars that are too distant to have measurable parallaxes, their distances can be estimated from the star’s spectral type, luminosity class, and apparent magnitude with a procedure called spectroscopic parallax.

True

False

ANSWER:

True

REFERENCES:

9-4 Star Sizes

Multiple Choice

12. Our Sun’s spectral temperature type is classified as a(n) ____ on the spectral sequence.

O star

F star

G star

K star

M star

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-3 Stellar Spectra

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-3 – How do spectra of stars allow you to determine their temperatures?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Remember

13. Which star has the highest density (mass per unit volume)?

white dwarf

main sequence

supergiant

red giant

regular giant

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-6 A Census of the Stars

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-5 – How much mass do stars contain?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

14. Which star has the largest diameter?

white dwarf

main sequence

red giant

supergiant

regular giant

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-4 Star Sizes

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-4 – How big are stars?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

15. In which spectral sequence are the hottest stars categorized?

O stars

B stars

A stars

F stars

K stars

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-3 Stellar Spectra

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-3 – How do spectra of stars allow you to determine their temperatures?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Remember

16. The formula can be used to calculate a star’s _____.

mass

distance

rotation speed

revolution period

diameter

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-2 Apparent Brightness, Intrinsic Brightness, and Luminosity

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-2 – How much energy do stars make?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

17. If a star has an apparent magnitude of +5 and an absolute magnitude of –10, what can we say about that star?

The star is farther than 10 parsecs away.

The star is closer than 10 parsecs away.

The star has a very large chromosphere.

The star has a very large corona.

The star is fainter than the Sun.

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-2 Apparent Brightness, Intrinsic Brightness, and Luminosity

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-2 – How much energy do stars make?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Evaluate

18. Recent discoveries of two types of brown dwarfs have placed these stars near which spectral type of star?

hotter than O stars

cooler than O stars

hotter than M stars

cooler than M stars

at exactly the same level as G stars

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-3 Stellar Spectra

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-3 – How do spectra of stars allow you to determine their temperatures?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

19. The classification of stellar spectra started with the amount of hydrogen in the star’s spectrum; however, now a better scheme uses the star’s _____.

mass

diameter

radius

temperature

luminosity

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-3 Stellar Spectra

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-3 – How do spectra of stars allow you to determine their temperatures?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

20. The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram can be labeled many different ways. Which coordinates CANNOT be used on an H-R diagram?

luminosity versus spectral type

luminosity versus temperature

radius versus temperature

absolute magnitude versus temperature

luminosity versus color

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-4 Star Sizes

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-4 – How big are stars?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

21. Careful measurements reveal that a star maintains a steady apparent brightness at most times, except that at precise intervals of 93 hours. the star becomes dimmer for about 2 hours. The most likely explanation for this is that the star ________.

has a very large “sunspot” on its surface

is a member of an eclipsing binary star system

is a white dwarf

is a Cepheid variable

is periodically ejecting gas into space, every 93 hours

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-5 Star Masses—Binary Stars

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-5 – How much mass do stars contain?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

22. How do astronomers determine the distance to stars that are farther than 100 parsecs away?

measuring the shift of the stellar parallax

estimating a star’s spectral type and comparing it to the spectroscopic parallax

subtracting absolute from apparent magnitudes

using trigonometry in the triangulation method

measuring the proper motion of a star

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-4 Star Sizes

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-1 – How far away are the stars?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Evaluate

23. How did astronomers discover the relationship between spectral type and mass for main-sequence stars?

by measuring stellar radii with very powerful optical telescopes

by measuring stellar radii with very powerful radio telescopes

by comparing stars with the same spectral type but different luminosities

by using computer models of hydrogen fusion and stellar structure

by measuring the masses and spectral types of main-sequence stars in binary systems

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-5 Star Masses—Binary Stars

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-5 – How much mass do stars contain?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

24. Remember Kepler’s third law, which relates the period of revolution to the average distance to a planet. How do we modify that law to use with binary stars?

Add the total mass of the two stars.

Add Newton’s law of gravitation.

Add Einstein’s law of relativity.

Add the difference of their masses.

Add the distance between the two stars.

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-5 Star Masses—Binary Stars

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-5 – How much mass do stars contain?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

25. The luminosity of a star is the ____.

total energy radiated by the star at 100 parsecs

total energy radiated by the star

total energy radiated by the star in one second

average energy radiated by the star in one month

average energy radiated by the star in one year

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-2 Apparent Brightness, Intrinsic Brightness, and Luminosity

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-2 – How much energy do stars make?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Remember

26. The Balmer series of hydrogen absorption lines in stars is located in what part of the electromagnetic spectrum?

gamma ray region

ultraviolet region

visible region

infrared region

microwave region

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-3 Stellar Spectra

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED 9-3 – How do spectra of stars allow you to determine their temperatures?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Evaluate

27. The Sun is what spectral type?

ST2 (Spectral Type 2)

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-3 Stellar Spectra:

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-3 – How do spectra of stars allow you to determine their temperatures?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

28. Any star that is more luminous than the Sun, but has the same temperature as the Sun, is a(n) ____.

pulsating star

white dwarf

zero-age main-sequence star

giant

brown dwarf

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-2 Apparent Brightness, Intrinsic Brightness, and Luminosity

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-2 – How much energy do stars make?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

29. A supergiant star’s radii may extend out to the _____.

half the orbit of Mercury

orbit of Mercury

orbit of Venus

orbit of the Earth

orbit of Saturn

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-4 Star Sizes

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-4 – How big are stars?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

30. Vega is an A0 main-sequence star. Based on this information, which statement is true?

Vega has a surface temperature that is less than the Sun

Vega has mass that is greater than the Sun

Vega is less luminous than the Sun

Vega has mass that is less than the Sun

Vega is located near the lower right hand corner on the H-R diagram

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-3 Stellar Spectra

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-3 – How do spectra of stars allow you to determine their temperatures?

OTHER:

Bloom’s:

31. Groombridge 34 is an M2 main-sequence star. Based on this information, which statement is true?

Groombridge 34 has a surface temperature that is more than the Sun.

Groombridge 34 has mass that is greater than the Sun.

Groombridge 34 is less luminous than the Sun.

Groombridge 34 is more luminous than the Sun.

Groombridge 34 is located near the upper left hand corner on the H-R diagram.

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-3 Stellar Spectra

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-3 – How do spectra of stars allow you to determine their temperatures?

OTHER:

Bloom’s:

32. The hydrogen lines of spectral type A main-sequence stars are ____.

the strongest

the weakest

the most narrow

useful in determining apparent magnitude

used to estimate the luminosity of the star

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-3 Stellar Spectra

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-3 – How do spectra of stars allow you to determine their temperatures?

OTHER:

Bloom’s:

33. On the H-R diagram, lines of constant radius are illustrated as _____.

sloping downward from right to left

sloping downward from left to right

running vertically on the right side

running horizontally on the top

moving in various direction depending on the type of star

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-4 Star Sizes

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-4 – How big are stars?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

34. Hydrogen lines are weak in the spectra of hot O-type stars because ____.

most of the hydrogen has been converted to helium

a good spectrum of these stars is difficult to obtain

these stars have no atmosphere

gravitational pressure pushes all the hydrogen lines out of the visible spectrum

most of the hydrogen is ionized to high energy levels

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-3 Stellar Spectra

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-3 – How do spectra of stars allow you to determine their temperatures?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

35. Absolute visual magnitude is calculated at a standard distance of ____.

one light year

one parsec

10 light years

10 parsecs

100 parsecs

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-2 Apparent Brightness, Intrinsic Brightness, and Luminosity

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-2 – How much energy do stars make?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

36. The stellar parallax limit for ground-based telescopes is accurate for stars closer than ____.

10 parsecs

50 parsecs

100 parsecs

200 parsecs

500 parsecs

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-1 Star Distances

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-1 – How far away are the stars?

OTHER:

Bloom’s:

37. A star’s absolute visual magnitude depends only on the star’s ______ and _____.

temperature; mass

diameter; mass

temperature; density

diameter; density

distance; magnitude

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-2 Apparent Brightness, Intrinsic Brightness, and Luminosity

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-2 – How much energy do stars make?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

38. On the H-R diagram, 90 percent of all stars are ____.

either giant or supergiant stars

white dwarfs

main-sequence stars

sred dwarfs

binary stars

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-4 Star Sizes

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-4 – How big are stars?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

39. Which type of binary system have pairs of stars that are so close together that they look like one single point?

radio binary

eclipsing binary

visual binary

spectroscopic binary

neutron star binary

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-5 Star Masses—Binary Stars

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-5 – How much mass do stars contain?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

40. The most common type of star is a(n) ____.

white dwarf

lower-main-sequence star

upper-main-sequence star

giant

supergiant

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-6 A Census of the Stars

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-5 – How much mass do stars contain?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

41. The least common type of star is a(n) ____.

white dwarf

lower main sequence

upper main sequence

giant

supergiant

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-6 A Census of the Stars

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-5 – How much mass do stars contain?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Evaluate

Figure 9-1

42. The vertical axis in the accompanying figure (Figure 9-1) is labeled _____.

temperature

radius

apparent visual magnitude

absolute visual magnitude

mass

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-4 Star Sizes

PREFACE NAME:

Figure 9-1

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-4 – How big are stars?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

43. The horizontal axis in the accompanying figure (Figure 9-1) is labeled _____.

temperature

radius

apparent magnitude

absolute magnitude

luminosity

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-4 Star Sizes

PREFACE NAME:

Figure 9-1

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-4 – How big are stars?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

44. The sloped lines from top left to bottom right in the accompanying figure (Figure 9-1) are labeled ____.

temperature

radius

apparent magnitude

absolute magnitude

mass

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-4 Star Sizes

PREFACE NAME:

Figure 9-1

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-4 – How big are stars?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

45. The satellite __________ measures stellar parallaxes from orbit.

Hubble

ISS

Hipparcos

Chandra

Rigel

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-1 Star Distances

46. The Balmer thermometer works because the strength of the Balmer lines depends on the _________ of the star’s surface.

emissivity

temperature

area

granulation

spectra

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-3 Stellar Spectra

47. Celestial objects with temperatures below 500 K are labeled _______ dwarfs.

brown

red

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-3 Stellar Spectra

Completion

48. The horizontal axis (x-axis) of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram is labeled with _______________.

ANSWER:

temperature

spectral type

color

REFERENCES:

9-4 Star Sizes

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-3 – How do spectra of stars allow you to determine their temperatures?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

49. The vertical axis (y-axis) of the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram is labeled with _______________.

ANSWER:

luminosity

absolute magnitude

brightness

REFERENCES:

9-4 Star Sizes

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-3 – How do spectra of stars allow you to determine their temperatures?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

50. One type of binary star is _______________ binary.

ANSWER:

visual

spectroscopic

eclipsing

REFERENCES:

9-5 Star Masses—Binary Stars

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-5 – How much mass do stars contain?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

51. The apparent magnitude of a star observed from a distance of 10 pc is called _____.

ANSWER:

absolute visual magnitude,

REFERENCES:

9-4 Star Sizes

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-4 – How big are stars?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

52. A star’s absolute visual magnitude depends on its _______________ and _______________.

ANSWER:

temperature, diameter

REFERENCES:

9-2 Apparent Brightness, Intrinsic Brightness, and Luminosity

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-2 – How much energy do stars make?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

53. The luminosity (L) of a star is the total energy the star radiates in _______________.

ANSWER:

One second, 1 sec, 1 second, one sec

REFERENCES:

9-2 Apparent Brightness, Intrinsic Brightness, and Luminosity

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-2 – How much energy do stars make?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Remember

54. If luminosity depends on radius and temperature, what does flux depend on? _______________

ANSWER:

distance

REFERENCES:

9-2 Apparent Brightness, Intrinsic Brightness, and Luminosity

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-2 – How much energy do stars make?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

55. On the H-R diagram, 90 percent of all stars are _______________.

ANSWER:

main-sequence stars

REFERENCES:

9-2 Apparent Brightness, Intrinsic Brightness, and Luminosity

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-2 – How much energy do stars make?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

56. The most common stars are _______________ stars.

ANSWER:

lower-main-sequence

lower main sequence

REFERENCES:

9-2 Apparent Brightness, Intrinsic Brightness, and Luminosity

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-2 – How much energy do stars make?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

57. The least common stars are _______________ stars.

ANSWER:

upper-main-sequence

upper main sequence

REFERENCES:

9-2 Apparent Brightness, Intrinsic Brightness, and Luminosity

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.16. – Why is there a main sequence of star properties?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

58. ___________ is the apparent angular motion of a star across the sky with respect to very distant stars.

ANSWER:

Proper motion

proper motion

Proper Motion

REFERENCES:

9-1 Star Distances

Subjective Short Answer

59. Explain why the current spectral classification letters are all jumbled and not in alphabetical order.

ANSWER:

The spectral classification sequence originated with the amount of hydrogen in the star’s spectrum and was labeled A through Q. However, after plotting that information, it was noticed that there was no pattern to the graph. When they used temperature instead of the hydrogen line, the graph made sense, and has been adopted since then.

REFERENCES:

9-3 Stellar Spectra

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-5 – How much mass do stars contain?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

Figure 9-1

60. In the accompanying figure (Figure 9-1), which region represents approximately 80 percent of normal stars? Note: (C) represents the entire main sequence while (D) and (E) represent only small parts of the main sequence.

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-4 Star Sizes

PREFACE NAME:

Figure 9-1

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-4 – How big are stars?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

61. In the accompanying figure (Figure 9-1), which region represents the largest diameter stars? Note: (C) represents the entire main sequence while (D) and (E) represent only small parts of the main sequence.

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-4 Star Sizes

PREFACE NAME:

Figure 9-1

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-4 – How big are stars?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

62. In the accompanying figure (Figure 9-1), which region represents stars that are extremely bright and emit most of their radiation as ultraviolet light? Note: (C) represents the entire main sequence while (D) and (E) represent only small parts of the main sequence.

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-4 Star Sizes

PREFACE NAME:

Figure 9-1

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-4 – How big are stars?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

63. In the accompanying figure (Figure 9-1), which region represents stars that have ceased ongoing nuclear fusion? Note: (C) represents the entire main sequence while (D) and (E) represent only small parts of the main sequence.

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-4 Star Sizes

PREFACE NAME:

Figure 9-1

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-4 – How big are stars?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

64. In the accompanying figure (Figure 9-1), which represents stars with the longest main-sequence lifetimes? Note: (C) represents the entire main sequence while (D) and (E) represent only small parts of the main sequence.

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-4 Star Sizes

PREFACE NAME:

Figure 9-1

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-4 – How big are stars?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

65. In the accompanying figure (Figure 9-1), which region represents white dwarfs? Note: (C) represents the entire main sequence while (D) and (E) represent only small parts of the main sequence.

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-4 Star Sizes

PREFACE NAME:

Figure 9-1

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-4 – How big are stars?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

66. In the accompanying figure (Figure 9-1), which region represents supergiant stars? Note: (C) represents the entire main sequence while (D) and (E) represent only small parts of the main sequence.

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-4 Star Sizes

PREFACE NAME:

Figure 9-1

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-4 – How big are stars?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

67. Stellar spectra started with the amount of hydrogen found in the star’s spectrum and started with the letters A through Q. What are the current letters used to classify stellar spectra?

ANSWER:

OBAFGKM

REFERENCES:

9-3 Stellar Spectra

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-3 – How do spectra of stars allow you to determine their temperatures?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

68. List the three types of binary stars.

ANSWER:

visual binary, spectroscopic binary, eclipsing binary

REFERENCES:

9-5 Star Masses—Binary Stars

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-5 – How much mass do stars contain?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

Essay

69. A star has a parallax angle of 0.019 seconds of arc. How far away is this star from Earth?

ANSWER:

52.6 pc

REFERENCES:

9-1 Star Distances

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-1 – How far away are the stars?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Apply

70. Explain why it would be better to obtain stellar parallax for stars if we could observe from the planet Mars instead of the Earth.

ANSWER:

Observing from Mars would give us a longer baseline in order to measure parallax angles. In addition, the blurring caused by Earth’s atmosphere smears star images. Even when astronomers average together many observations, they cannot measure parallax from an Earth observatory with uncertainty greater than about 0.02 arc second from Earth. Measuring parallaxes from Mars—which does not have the blurring effects of Earth’s atmosphere—would yield a more accurate estimation.

REFERENCES:

9-1 Star Distances

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-1 – How far away are the stars?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

71. Explain the difference between apparent visual brightness and absolute visual brightness.

ANSWER:

Apparent visual brightness is the perceived energy we see from the Earth without consideration of distance; whereas absolute visual brightness is the energy we receive if the star was at a distance of 10 parsecs.

REFERENCES:

9-2 Apparent Brightness, Intrinsic Brightness, and Luminosity

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-1 – How far away are the stars?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

72. Briefly state or explain the mass-luminosity relation for stars.

ANSWER:

The luminosity of a star is directly proportional to the mass of the star raised to the 3.5 power. This relation can be expressed as a formula: L = M^3.5

REFERENCES:

9-6 A Census of the Stars

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-5 – How much mass do stars contain?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Understand

73. Star A has an apparent visual magnitude of +5 and an absolute visual magnitude of –4. What is the distance to Star A?

ANSWER:

d = 10⁽^m^–^M^+5)/5=10^(5+4+5)/5=10^2.8=631 pc

REFERENCES:

9-2 Apparent Brightness, Intrinsic Brightness, and Luminosity

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-3 – How do spectra of stars allow you to determine their temperatures?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Apply

74. Star B has an apparent visual magnitude of +5 and is at a distance of 330 pc. What is the absolute visual magnitude of Star B?

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

9-2 Apparent Brightness, Intrinsic Brightness, and Luminosity

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-3 – How do spectra of stars allow you to determine their temperatures?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Apply

75. Determine the mass of a theorized black hole from the following information. The mass of the companion main-sequence star is 6 solar masses. The observed period and semi-major axis of the binary system are 3.5 years and 5.5 AUs, respectively.

ANSWER:

M(black hole) = a³/p²– M(main sequence) = 5.5³/3.5³ – 6 = 7.58 solar masses

REFERENCES:

9-5 Star Masses—Binary Stars

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

ASTR.SEED.16.9-5 – How much mass do stars contain?

OTHER:

Bloom’s: Apply

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Stars And Galaxies 10th Edition by Michael A. Seeds – Test Bank

Stars And Galaxies 10th Edition by Michael A. Seeds – Test Bank

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