Social Psychology 6th Canadian Edition By Myers – Test Bank

Social Psychology 6th Canadian Edition By Myers – Test Bank

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Multiple Choice Questions – (147) Bloom’s: Remember – (112) True/False Questions – (6) Bloom’s: Understand – (50) Short Answer Questions – (10) Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? – (104) Odd Numbered – (82) Learning Objective: 10-02 What Is Love? – (24) Even Numbered – (81) Learning Objective: 10-03 What Enables Close Relationships? – (25) Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation – (153) Learning Objective: 10-04 How Do Relationships End? – (10) Bloom’s: Analyze – (3) 1. A motivation to bond with others in relationships that provide ongoing, positive interactions is the definition for association anxiety. the need for attachment. → the need to belong. affiliative predisposition.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 2. The need for mutual attachments meant survival for our ancestors. This need → is at the core of our existence and thus is characteristic of people everywhere. is largely a 20th century motive that is most evident in industrialized societies. is a learned motive that serves our more fundamental need for self-esteem. conflicts with our more basic need to survive.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 3. Spencer just moved to Vancouver from Halifax to start his bachelor’s degree. He doesn’t know anyone in Vancouver, and has a hard time making friends because he is so shy. He really misses his friends and family from back home, and finds himself thinking of them often. He starts to feel lonely and depressed, and withdraws more from his new surroundings. This example best demonstrates how depression can result from social ostracism. that relocation can be difficult depending on personality. → the power of the need to belong and the feelings experienced when this need is unmet. that proximity is not the strongest predictor of friendships.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 4. According to the textbook, in social relations, ostracism refers to the need to belong to a group. → the act of excluding or ignoring an individual or individuals. the motivation to bond with others the avoidance of social relationship.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 5. According to Williams’s study of ostracism in social relation, cyberostracism means finding friends on the Internet. feeling attachment to others on the Internet. → feeling ignored in a chat room or when our email goes unanswered. avoiding social interaction on the Internet.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 6. Williams and colleagues (2011) found that “cyberostracism” (feeling ignored in a chat room or when your email is not answered) led to → negative mood and pain. aggression. hysteria. confabulation.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction?
7. Twenge and her colleagues found that → people who feel socially excluded are not only more likely to engage in self-defeating behaviours but are also more likely to disparage or deliver a blast of noise to someone who had insulted them.
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people who feel socially excluded become humbled by the experience and express kindness to those who push them away. people who feel socially excluded respond calmly to the exclusion and accept the outcome as it unfolds. all of the choices are correct.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 8. Research has demonstrated that experiencing social ostracism evokes a brain response similar to that triggered by fear. depression. anger. → physical pain.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 9. One factor that will increase the likelihood of a friendship developing is the degree to which their interests compliment yours. → how often your paths cross. avoiding repetitious exposure. all of the choices are correct.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 10. According to the text, if you just moved to a new place where you don’t know anybody and you are an extravert, it is likely you will make friends with → Brian, your next-door neighbour. John, a chemistry major who lives across campus. Michael, an introvert who lives on the next floor. Stuart, a student who lives off campus and who loves dogs.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction?
11. Functional distance refers to the distance needed after a break up. the distance between residences “as the crow flies.” → how often people’s paths cross. the direction and route of travel one undertakes when deliberately seeking out a given person.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 12. If you are new in the office and want to make new friends, your best bet is to get a desk that is smaller than that of anyone else. in the quietest corner of the office. → near the coffeepot. next to the air conditioner.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 13. Rachel notices that the woman ahead of her in line at the grocery store is the same woman who she saw at the mailbox that morning. The next day, on her way to work, Rachel sees the same woman coming out of the new apartment building across the street. According to ___________, Rachel has a good chance of ______________ this woman. the reward theory of attraction; becoming a romantic rival of → the idea of functional distance; becoming friends with the contrast effect; comparing herself to this woman the derived emotion theory; feeling good when she sees
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 14. Research suggests that randomly assigned college roommates → will most likely become friends. will likely be unhappy about the assignment and come to dislike each other. are as likely to become enemies as they are to become friends. will show initial attraction that fades over time.
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Multiple Choice Question Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 15. Darley and Berscheid gave university women ambiguous information about two other women. When asked how much they liked each other, the participants reported feeling more attracted to the person whom they expected they would probably not meet. → expected they would eventually meet. had read about first. had read about second.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 16. You feel ambivalent about your brother’s new girlfriend, but you want to like her. According to the text you should → think about pleasant conversations you could have with the girlfriend when you next see her. think about how much you liked your brother’s last girlfriend. talk to your mother about the girlfriend. think about all the things you dislike about her, and tell yourself that they are unimportant.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 17. The text suggests that our tendency to like people with whom we need to have continuing interactions, even though we may not have chosen them short-circuits critical thinking. leads to inefficient use of time. → is adaptive. demonstrates how the need to belong becomes dysfunctional.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 18. Anticipatory liking—expecting that someone will be pleasant and compatible—increases the chance of becoming involved in an inequitable relationship. a dysfunctional, co-dependent relationship. being exploited in the early stages of a relationship. → a rewarding relationship.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 19. According to Zajonc’s studies on the mere exposure effect, → novel stimuli are liked more after they have been repeatedly introduced. novel stimuli elicit anxiety even when repeatedly introduced. novel stimuli are always liked upon being introduced. none of the choices are correct.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction?
20. The mere-exposure effect refers to → the tendency for novel stimuli to be liked more after repeated exposure to them. the novelty phenomenon. display liking. proactive stimulation.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 21. A stranger rides the same bus as you do to school every day. According to the mere-exposure effect, as the days pass you will come to view the stranger merely as another student. more unfavourably. more critically. → more favourably.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 22. Which of the following principles is supported by the research on social attraction? → Familiarity breeds fondness
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Opposites attract Beauty times brains equals a constant Absence makes the heart grow fonder
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 23. Robert Zajonc found that the mere-exposure effect works with which of the following stimuli? nonsense syllables people’s faces musical selections → all of the choices are correct
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction?
24. The mere-exposure effect will be stronger → when people perceive stimuli without awareness. if the repetitions are incessant rather than distributed over time. if one’s initial reactions to the stimulus are negative. for animate than for inanimate objects.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 25. In experiments by Robert Zajonc and his coworkers, participants were exposed to brief, novel passages of music while they focused their attention on other tasks. Results indicated that mere exposure leads to liking only when the exposed stimulus is task-related. only when people are consciously attending to the exposed stimulus. → even when people are unaware of what they have been exposed to. unless background stimuli create a distraction and interfere with the processing of the task.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 26. On the basis of his research on the mere-exposure effect, Robert Zajonc argues that our emotions are often more _______________ than our thinking. sophisticated → instantaneous slowly aroused complex
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 27. Zajonc has demonstrated that the more times people see a foreign word, the more likely they are → to say it means something good. to say it means something bad. to dislike the word once they find out what it means. to like the word, but only after they find out what it means.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 28. If Taline wanted to increase the likelihood that her teacher would like her essay, she could use the mere-exposure effect in this way: Make sure that the teacher graded a really good paper before she read Taline’s essay. Make sure that the teacher graded a really bad paper before she read Taline’s essay. → Ask her teacher to proofread her paper a few days before the teacher reads it for grading. None of the choices are correct.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 29. The fact that people prefer letters appearing in their own name illustrates the belongingness effect. the proximity effect. → the mere-exposure effect. the matching effect.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 30. When Mita, Dermer, and Knight showed female students and their close friends, photographs of the students and asked them to state their preferences among them, they found that the students themselves liked the _____ photographs best. black-and-white color → mirror-image true-image
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 31. A political campaign booklet seems to be applying the _____________ when it says, “Repetition breeds familiarity and familiarity breeds trust.” matching phenomenon → mere-exposure effect equity principle disclosure reciprocity effect
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 32. A university student notices that an election for school president is being held. He has seen posters for L. V. Smith around campus, but he doesn’t know anything else about the candidates who are running. He will likely choose the candidate named L. V. Smith instead of the one named W. P. Daoust because of → the mere-exposure effect. his preference for men over women. his reactance against his need for originality. none of the choices are correct.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 33. The fact that there are a disproportionate number of dentists named Dennis or Denise, and that Toronto has an excess of people whose last names begin with “Tor,” demonstrates what phenomenon? the naming effect. → the mere-exposure effect. the familiarity effect. the justification effect.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 34. A young woman’s physical attractiveness is a moderately good predictor of → how frequently she dates. her ultimate educational level. her marital happiness. all of the choices are correct
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 35. Researchers provide men and women students with various pieces of information about someone of the other sex, including a picture of the person or a brief introduction, and later ask them how interested they are in dating the participant. Results show that women are as influenced by a man’s looks as men are by a woman’s. → men are somewhat more influenced by a woman’s looks than women are by a man’s. women are somewhat more influenced by a man’s looks than men are by a woman’s. men are influenced by a woman’s looks, while women are not influenced at all by a man’s looks.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 36. Elaine Hatfield and her coworkers matched University of Minnesota freshmen for a “Welcome Week” computer dance. When the students were asked to evaluate their dates, what determined whether they liked each other? similarity of values similarity of academic competence → physical attractiveness common family background
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Multiple Choice Question Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 37. The tendency for men and women to choose as partners that are a good fit in attractiveness and other traits defines the attractiveness phenomenon. → matching phenomenon. mere exposure effect. none of the choices are correct
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction?
38. According to research, good physical matches may be conducive to good relationships. couples who were more similar in physical attractiveness were more likely, nine months later, to have fallen more deeply in love. married couples are more closely matched for attractiveness → all of the choices are correct.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 39. Men who place a personal ad that emphasizes their income and education → receive more responses to their ads. receive fewer responses to their ads. are rated as less desirable by women. are more likely to attract unattractive women.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 40. The owners of a new dating service for men and women want to avoid the superficiality of photographs and physical descriptions, and match people based only on their scores on personality and aptitude tests. Given your knowledge of predicting attraction, what do you advise? The owners should match potential partners by using reliable measures of personality. The owners should match people based on their incomes because people are attracted to similar others. The owners should match people based on the subjects they study in school. → The owners should match people based on their attractiveness because people tend to pair off with equally attractive others.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 41. The preference for those who are physically attractive is evident among adults judging adults and children. children judging other children. babies gazing at faces. → all of the choices are correct.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 42. Clifford and Hatfield showed fifth-grade teachers identical information about a boy or girl, with the photograph attached of an attractive or unattractive child. The teachers judged _____ as being _____. attractive children; more honest and concerned about others unattractive children; more independent and assertive → attractive children; more intelligent and successful in school unattractive children; less popular but probably harder workers and better students
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 43. The physical-attractiveness stereotype refers to the idea that → what is beautiful is good. beauty is only skin deep. beauty is in the eye of the beholder. beauty fades, personality lasts.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction?
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44. Kellick had Harvard students indicate their impressions of eight women, judging from photos taken before or after cosmetic surgery, and found that pre-surgery women were judged to be more genuine, honest, and appealing. → post-surgery women were judged to be kinder and more likable. pre-surgery women were judged to be more intelligent and competent. post-surgery women were judged to be more independent and insensitive.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 45. Which of the following traits is not assumed of physically attractive people? intelligence happiness sexual warmth → honesty
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 46. Which of these situations illustrates the physical attractiveness stereotype? Eve finds that her classmates listen more carefully to her opinions after she had her nose straightened. Chris did not have time to shave, comb his hair, or dress nicely before arriving to teach his first social psychology class. He notices that his students seem inattentive. Shannon is not physically attractive, but is very happy. Few people believe her when she says how happy she is. → All of the choices are correct.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 47. According to the text, attractiveness probably most affects long-term romantic relationships. → first impressions. the likelihood of academic success. co-habiting couples rather than married couples.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 48. Mary is quite attractive (a 4 on a 5-point scale), but Liz is strikingly attractive (a 5 on a 5-point scale). Research suggests that if Mary makes $35,000 a year on her job, Liz will probably make ____________ doing the same job. $33,000 $35,000 → $37,000 $70,000
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 49. Daniel is in a psychology experiment, where he is shown a bunch of words as stimuli and is supposed to categorize them as “good” or “bad” as quickly as possible. Although he doesn’t know it, he is also very briefly (below the threshold of perception) shown an image of an attractive or unattractive face prior to the presentation of each word. What type of face will be associated with the fastest response time for “good” words? → attractive unattractive both faces will increase reaction time due to the facial priming effect. both faces will decrease reaction time and will interfere with word processing.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 50. Small average differences between attractive and unattractive people in areas like self-confidence and social skills are probably the result of → self-fulfilling prophecies. personality traits that are genetically linked with physical appearance. psychological reactance to social expectations. social and economic differences in family background.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 51. Cross-cultural research on attractiveness has indicated that
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culture is the strongest factor in dictating definitions of attractiveness. variations in who is attractive reflect the diversity of each particular culture. → there is strong agreement within and across cultures about who is and is not attractive. culture has no influence on attractiveness over individual preferences.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 52. According to the text, people across cultures tend to ___________ in terms of who is and is not attractive. agree disagree → strongly agree strongly disagree
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction?
53. Studies of computer composites of faces show that → perfectly average is quite attractive. perfectly average is quite unattractive. modest caricatures of attractive features are quite unattractive. none of the choices are correct.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 54. According to research, ______________ is quite attractive, and what’s attractive therefore feels ______________ than what’s atypical and unattractive. → perfectly average; more familiar below average; more familiar above average; more familiar above average; less familiar
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 55. According to evolutionary psychology, sex differences in male and female behaviour is related to → mating and reproduction. male and females’ different mental capability. male and females’ adaptation with nature. male and females’ different social roles.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 56. Evolutionary psychology suggests that _______________ gain more access to females. more passionate males more intelligent males more attractive males → more physically dominant males
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 57. Evolutionary psychologists have found that physical strength and dominance in men has been important in the past, but today’s women prefer men ____________________. who are sensitive → with high incomes who are intelligent who are proportionate
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 58. Evolutionary psychology suggests that males prefer youthful female characteristics that signify inexperience. sexual desire. → reproductive capacity. attractiveness.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 59. If physically dominant males gain more access to females, over many generations, this will serve to enhance male aggression and dominance. This is an explanation of sex differences in behaviour that would be favored by aggression theorists. anthropologists. biological psychologists. → evolutionary psychologists.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 60. According to evolutionary psychology, in general, men prefer women with external resources and capable of providing physical protection. → with attractive physical features and a healthy appearance. who exhibit aggressive behaviour. who are jealous.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 61. According to Norman Li’s study of how we screen potential mates, the similarity between genders was that both men and women seek physical attraction. → kindness and intelligence. a younger mate. a more jealous mate.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 62. Research has found that both men and women prefer ___________________ that suggests health and vigour. clear skin → a waist-to-hip ratio a muscular physique minimal body fat
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 63. Men everywhere tend to marry younger women. Evolutionary psychologists believe that it shows natural selection, which predisposes men to feel attracted to female features associated with beauty. external appearance. physical shape. → fertility.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 64. Evolutionary psychologists suggest that men are motivated to attain and display the sort of status and resources that society asks of them. they feel their family will approve of. → women will find attractive. make them less likely to be ostracized by the group.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 65. To men who have recently been viewing pornographic material, average women seem _______ attractive, thereby confirming the _______. more; contrast effect more; mere exposure effect → less; contrast effect less; mere exposure effect
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction?
66.
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Carla went to a male strip bar one afternoon and then left to meet a man she’d just started to date. When she met her date, she felt disappointed in his __________, likely due to the ___________. intelligence; herd mentality. → attractiveness; contrast effect. attentiveness; social facilitation hypothesis. attractiveness; sheer proximity.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 67. Shantelle has just finished watching the Miss Universe beauty pageant before heading out to dinner with her friends. When she checks her appearance in the mirror, she decides to change because she feels fat and doesn’t think she looks good. Shantelle’s self-perception is most likely due to the proximity effect. the evolutionary pressures on beauty. → the contrast effect. the social facilitation hypothesis.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 68. Based on research concerning the link between love and perceived attractiveness, one might say, “The grass may be greener on the other side, but happy gardeners are → less likely to notice.” not interested in grass.” always flitting from flower to flower.” the most critical gardeners of all.”
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 69. Jen is more in love with Stan today than the day she married him. According to research on the relationship between love and perceived attractiveness, → Jen probably finds Stan to be more attractive today than the day she married him. Jen probably finds Stan to be less attractive today than the day she married him. Stan probably finds Jen less attractive today than the day he married her. Stan and Jen probably see each other as equally attractive.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 70. At a party, Ellie meets Rob and Blake. The three get involved in a philosophical discussion that lasts through the evening. By the end of the evening, she has discovered that she and Blake see things eye-to-eye, whereas she and Rob see things differently. All else equal, Ellie will probably like Rob better. → like Blake better. like Rob and Blake equally. like a stranger she merely anticipates meeting, more than either Rob or Blake.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 71. At a party a good host will introduce strangers by telling them each others’ names and indicating something that they have in common. This demonstrates use of the → likeness-leads-to-liking phenomenon. social facilitation effect. differential sensibility phenomenon. social exchange theory.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 72. Which of the following proverbs finds greatest support in the research on social attraction? “Familiarity breeds contempt.” “Absence makes the heart grow fonder.” “You can’t tell a book by its cover.” → “Birds of a feather flock together.”
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction?
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73. In general, dissimilar attitudes ________ liking more than similar attitudes ________ it. enhance; depress → depress; enhance encourage; discourage create; prevent
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 74. Partners may overestimate their attitude similarities due to a phenomenon called the similarity hypothesis. the contrast effect. → attitude alignment. likeness-leads-to-liking effect.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 75. There is no research that demonstrates ______________, despite the concept’s popularity, but plenty of research that demonstrates ______________ effect. the mere-exposure effect; the anticipation of interaction → the complementarity hypothesis; the mere-exposure the contrast effect; the proximity the anticipation of interaction; the complementarity
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 76. According to the _______________ hypothesis, people are attracted to those whose needs are different in ways that they complete each other. accentuation matching → complementarity reciprocity
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction?
77. According to research, most people feel attracted to expressive, outgoing people. non-depressed people prefer the company of happy people. → all of the choices are correct. none of the choices are correct.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 78. According to the text, the contrast effect that makes average people feel homely in the company of beautiful people makes __________ people more conscious of their __________ in the company of cheerful people. happy; misery → sad; misery sad; happiness none of the choices are correct
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 79. Which of the following proverbs is clearly not supported by the research findings? → “Opposites attract.” “Familiarity breeds fondness.” “Out of sight, out of mind.” “Even virtue is fairer in a fair body.”
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 80. Berscheid and colleagues asked students how much they liked the people who had evaluated them. They found that students liked a rater who had said eight positive things about them _________, compared to another rater who had said seven positive things and one negative thing about them. much less slightly less
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about the same → more
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 81. Cheryl is a teacher who has just met two new students in her class. Who will she like best? Thomas, because he praised her teaching style, complimented her clothing, and told her how much he had enjoyed her class. William, because he praised her teaching style but honestly said that he thought the first part of the lecture was poorly delivered. → George, because he made a simple, believable compliment. There will be no difference in her liking of the students.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 82. Melissa, a teacher, gets good course reviews and positive feedback. However, after one term, she got a negative evaluation. This negative feedback made her feel more negative than the positive feedback that made her feel happy. This is because of the social comparison effect where the negative was not comparable to the positive. self-serving biases can also work in a negative direction. Melissa is depressed and only focuses on the negative feedback she gets. → negative information carries more weight and, because it is unusual, grabs our attention.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 83. ________________ includes the use of strategies, such as flattery, by which people seek to gain another’s favour. Social elicitation Self-disclosure Social penetration → Ingratiation
Multiple Choice Question
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 84. Our tendency to like those we perceive as liking us is influenced by which of the following factors? → Our attributions for why they seem to like us The degree of complementarity that exists between us and them The degree of exposure to them Their demographic uniqueness
Multiple Choice Question
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 85. In established relationships, ________________ self-esteem people ________________ how much their romantic partners value them. low; overestimate → low; underestimate high; overestimate high; underestimate
Multiple Choice Question
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 86. Hatfield gave university women evaluations, affirming the self-esteem of some and wounding others with negative evaluations. Each participant was then asked to evaluate a man who had earlier asked her for a date. Women whose evaluations had been _____ expressed ________ the man. positive; more liking of → negative; more liking of positive; more hostility toward negative; more hostility toward
Multiple Choice Question
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 87. Research by Aronson and Linder (1965) suggests that more often than not, we like people more if they consistently evaluate us positively. → reverse an earlier criticism and come to evaluate us positively. consistently give us ingratiating feedback.
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consistently give us constructive criticism.
Multiple Choice Question
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 88. A man loves his wife dearly and constantly tells her how much he loves her. One day, he tells her that he doesn’t like what she is wearing. Despite her knowledge that he loves her, the hurt over a negative comment has a lot of impact on her. This is an example of Aronson’s speculation that negative self-esteem is related to relationship issues whereas positive self-esteem is not. consistent praise is always the best policy. couples that are disillusioned with each other will be happier. → constant approval can lose value over time.
Multiple Choice Question
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 89. According to Elliot Aronson, “as a relationship ripens toward greater intimacy, what becomes increasingly important is the absence of conflict.” consistent praise.” autonomy.” → authenticity.”
Multiple Choice Question
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 90. According to the research conducted by Murray and her colleagues at the University of Waterloo, which couple will be the happiest? Sandra and Gary, who can clearly see one another’s faults. → Laars and Michelle, who have positive illusions about each other. Dorothy and Jacques, who have plenty of money and no children. All of the couples will be unhappy.
Multiple Choice Question
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 91. The fact that we like people with whom we associate good feelings is most clearly consistent with the ___________ theory of attraction. cognitive dissonance → reward two-factor James-Lange
Multiple Choice Question
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 92. In a research at the University of Warsaw, Lewicki asked students to choose which person in two photographs looked friendlier and found that their choices were almost always influenced by whether or not the photographs were of men or women. looked like their own friends. were in colour or black-and-white. → reminded them of friendly or unfriendly experimenters.
Multiple Choice Question
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 93. The advice to continue having romantic dinners, trips to the theatre, and vacations once married would most probably be offered by mere-exposure theory. the triangle theory. equity theory. → reward theory.
Multiple Choice Question
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 94. Which of the following individuals would provide the best example of the phenomenon of liking-by-association if they were to meet someone new? → Ann, who is relaxing with friends at an elegant fireside lounge. Fred, who has had a busy day and is distracted while shopping for groceries. Peter, who is served coffee by a woman who looks like his frustrating boss. Sharon, who is having a drink in a run-down pub that is hot and dirty.
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Multiple Choice Question
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 95. Which theory provides the best explanation for the effects of proximity, similarity, and attractiveness on liking? triangle theory → reward theory disclosure theory attachment theory
Multiple Choice Question
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction?
96. The reward principle helps explain why proximity is rewarding. if others have similar opinions, we feel rewarded because we presume that they like us in return. we like to be liked and love to be loved. → all of the choices are correct
Multiple Choice Question
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-01 What Leads To Friendship And Attraction? 97. According to the text, the first step in scientifically studying romantic love is to → define and measure it. manipulate it. control all other factors that might influence it. study the factors that might influence it.
Multiple Choice Question
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-02 What Is Love?
98. The basic components of love include: attachment, passion, and commitment. intimacy, passion, and attachment. → passion, intimacy, and commitment. commitment, intimacy, and attachment.
Multiple Choice Question
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-02 What Is Love?
99. Romantic love involves both _________________ and _________________. intimacy; commitment passion; commitment → intimacy; passion passion; decision
Multiple Choice Question
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-02 What Is Love?
100.Fatuous love involves both ________________ and ________________. passion; intimacy intimacy; commitment decision; intimacy → passion; commitment
Multiple Choice Question
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-02 What Is Love?
101.According to the text, passionate love is a state of intense longing for union with another. emotional. feeling ecstatic at attaining your partner’s love and feeling devastated on losing it. → all of the choices are correct.
Multiple Choice Question
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Learning Objective: 10-02 What Is Love? 102.The two-factor theory of emotion suggests that passionate love can be increased by mere exposure. the matching phenomenon. secure attachment.