Social Problems and the Quality of Life 14Th Edition By Robert Lauer -Test Bank

Social Problems and the Quality of Life 14Th Edition By Robert Lauer -Test Bank

Social Problems and the Quality of Life, 14e (Lauer)

Chapter 7 Gender and Sexual Orientation

1) According to the text, the largest minority in America is ________.

1. A) African American
2. B) Latinos
3. C) Irish
4. D) women

Answer: D

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2) An individual’s biological identity as male or female is referred to as a person’s ________.

1. A) gender
2. B) role
3. C) sex
4. D) orientation

Answer: C

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3) The meaning of being male or female in a particular society is called ________.

1. A) gender
2. B) role
3. C) sex
4. D) orientation

Answer: A

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4) The attitudes and behavior that are expected of men and women in a society are referred to as ________.

1. A) gender
2. B) sex
3. C) sexual orientation
4. D) gender role

Answer: D

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5) In the context of critical thinking, the ________ argues that whatever has happened to women in American society is inevitable because people are determined by their own biological makeup to behave and function in certain ways.

1. A) fallacy of composition
2. B) fallacy of authority
3. C) fallacy of appeal to prejudice
4. D) fallacy of retrospective determinism

Answer: D

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6) The “damsel in distress” and “white knight” of folklore illustrate the longstanding notion that ________.

1. A) women are strong independent creatures
2. B) women are equal to men
3. C) men are the independent and women are the dependent creatures
4. D) men and women are both independent

Answer: C

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7) Studies show that boys are ________ girls in math and science.

1. A) better than
2. B) at an equal capacity to
3. C) worse than
4. D) tutoring

Answer: B

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8) The unemployment rates for men and women in 2010 showed ________.

1. A) men had higher unemployment rates
2. B) women had higher unemployment rates
3. C) 2010 was an aberration for unemployment statistics
4. D) rates of unemployment were even

Answer: A

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9) The unemployment rate for men and women tends to suggest that ________.

1. A) the unemployment rate is much higher for women than it is for men
2. B) the rates have tended to be equal, or to be higher for men than for women
3. C) the rates are identical
4. D) the rates are several percentage points higher for men

Answer: B

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10) Farming is ________ percent employed by women.

97. A) 97.5
98. B) 73.7
99. C) 1.5
100. D) 24.2

Answer: D

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11) In a ________, people tend to evaluate jobs and careers in terms of the predominant gender of the workers as well as the education and skills required.

1. A) segregated labor market
2. B) discriminated labor market
3. C) sexist labor market
4. D) male dominated labor market

Answer: A

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12) Which of the following statements is true of the occupations that have a high proportion of women when compared to other occupations?

1. A) They are more likely to be managerial occupations.
2. B) They tend to be lower in status and lower in pay.
3. C) They are more desirable from the point of view of meaningful work.
4. D) They give the same prestige and status to both men and women.

Answer: B

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13) The term ________ refers to the invisible barriers that limit a woman’s advancement in an organization.

1. A) “discrimination”
2. B) “invisible barrier”
3. C) “glass ceiling”
4. D) “male ceiling”

Answer: C

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14) ________ means that women tend to cluster in the lower levels of virtually all occupational categories and are, therefore, accorded less prestige and lower salaries than men.

1. A) Ritualized deprivation
2. B) Slower advancement
3. C) Gender role
4. D) Beauty myth

Answer: B

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15) According to the ________, a woman must be beautiful to be acceptable and attractive.

1. A) beauty myth
2. B) Venus Syndrome
3. C) playmate syndrome
4. D) media

Answer: A

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16) In an effort to attain the perfect slim body, women succumb to the condition of ________.

1. A) anorexia nervosa
2. B) cancer
3. C) heart disease
4. D) alcoholism

Answer: A

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17) Which of the following is a psychological disorder that involves repeated binge eating followed by vomiting or laxatives?

1. A) anorexia nervosa
2. B) chemophobia
3. C) bulimia
4. D) orthorexia

Answer: C

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18) The conservative Southern Baptist Convention in 1998 declared that wives should ________.

1. A) pursue graduate education whenever possible
2. B) be allowed to become ministers
3. C) “graciously” submit to the “servant leadership” of their husbands
4. D) never be allowed to work outside of the home

Answer: C

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19) ________ is defined as unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other sexual behavior that either results in punishment when the victim resists or creates a hostile environment or both.

1. A) Sexism
2. B) Sexual harassment
3. C) Homophobia
4. D) Promiscuity

Answer: B

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20) Prejudice or discrimination against someone because of his or her sex is called ________.

1. A) conservatism
2. B) ageism
3. C) hate crime
4. D) sexism

Answer: D

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21) The term “gender” refers to ________.

1. A) an individual’s biological identity
2. B) the meaning of being male or female in a particular society
3. C) the attitudes and behavior that are expected of men and women in a society
4. D) all of these answers are correct

Answer: B

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22) The term “sex” refers to ________.

1. A) an individual’s biological identity as male or female
2. B) the meaning of being male or female in a particular society
3. C) the attitudes and behavior that are expected of men and women in a society
4. D) all of these answers are correct

Answer: A

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23) The term “gender role” refers to ________.

1. A) an individual’s biological identity
2. B) the meaning of being male or female in a particular society
3. C) the attitudes and behavior that are expected of men and women in a society
4. D) all of these answers are correct

Answer: C

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24) Which of the following is true of the social dominance orientation?

1. A) It includes the belief of superior-inferior groups.
2. B) It includes disrespect to established authority.
3. C) It considers women as positive and independent individuals.
4. D) It encourages women to challenge the traditional gender role.

Answer: A

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25) A person who has a sexual preference only for persons of the same sex is called a ________.

1. A) heterosexual
2. B) homosexual
3. C) bisexual
4. D) homophobe

Answer: B

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26) Some people are ________, finding gratification with both sexes and having no strong preference for either.

1. A) heterosexual
2. B) homosexual
3. C) bisexual
4. D) homophobe

Answer: C

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27) A person who has a sexual preference for persons of the opposite sex is called a ________.

1. A) heterosexual
2. B) homosexual
3. C) bisexual
4. D) homophobe

Answer: A

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28) Females who prefer other females for sexual purposes are called ________.

1. A) heterosexuals
2. B) homosexuals
3. C) bisexuals
4. D) lesbians

Answer: D

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29) The term ________ refers to intercourse defined as “unnatural,” particularly used to refer to anal intercourse.

1. A) “prostitution”
2. B) “fellatio”
3. C) “cunnilingus”
4. D) “sodomy”

Answer: D

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30) Homosexuals can be victims of discrimination in the ________.

1. A) housing market
2. B) workplace
3. C) both of the above
4. D) none of these answers is correct

Answer: C

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31) Rewards and punishments designed to influence behavior are called ________.

1. A) sanctions
2. B) mores
3. C) norms
4. D) rules

Answer: A

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32) What type of people are more likely to have negative attitude toward homosexuals?

1. A) political conservatives
2. B) fundamentalist Protestants
3. C) people in the older age group
4. D) All of these answers are correct.

Answer: D

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33) Women comprise nearly ________ percent of the population.

Answer: 51

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34) ________ characteristics are defined as the existing characteristics in a person right from his or her birth.

Answer: Innate

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35) According to the text, the largest minority in America is ________.

Answer: women

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36) ________ is defined as the irrational fear of homosexuals.

Answer: Homophobia

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37) The ________ and “white knight” of folklore illustrate the longstanding notion that men are the independent and women are the dependent creatures.

Answer: “damsel in distress”

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38) ________ measure the number of people who desire employment but are out of work.

Answer: Unemployment rates

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39) In a(n) ________, people tend to evaluate jobs and careers in terms of the predominant gender of the workers as well as the education and skills required.

Answer: segregated labor market

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40) According to the ________, a woman must be beautiful to be acceptable and attractive.

Answer: beauty myth

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41) The term “gender” refers to the meaning of being ________ or ________ in a particular society.

Answer: male; female

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42) The term “sex” refers to an individual’s ________.

Answer: biological identity

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43) Some in the men’s movement argue that men have become ________.

Answer: “demasculinized”

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44) An individual’s biological identity is referred to as a person’s ________.

Answer: sex

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45) The attitudes and behavior that are expected of men and women in a society are referred to as ________.

Answer: gender roles

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46) The term ________ refers to the invisible barriers that limit a woman’s advancement in an organization.

Answer: “glass ceiling”

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47) Some segments of the men’s movement take the position that men, not women, are the truly oppressed group today.

Answer: TRUE

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48) Since 1990, the unemployment rates have tended to be roughly equal or to be higher for men than for women.

Answer: TRUE

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49) For many women, having jobs outside the home means “in addition” rather than “instead of” taking care of their homes.

Answer: TRUE

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50) The conservative Southern Baptist Convention in 1998 declared that wives should “graciously” submit to the “servant leadership” of their husbands.

Answer: TRUE

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51) When polled, 32 percent of females agreed with the statement, “wives should “graciously” submit to the “servant leadership” of their husbands.”

Answer: TRUE

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52) The term “sex” refers to the meaning of being male or female in a particular society.

Answer: FALSE

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53) Homosexuals and transgender people have lower rates than heterosexuals of isolation, depression, anxiety, substance abuse, posttraumatic stress disorder, and suicide proneness.

Answer: FALSE

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54) Homosexuals are subjected to negative sanctions that conform to the American ideology that homosexuals should not have a right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

Answer: FALSE

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55) It is safe to conclude that about 3 to 4 percent of American men and 2 to 3 percent of American women prefer to be exclusively homosexual.

Answer: TRUE

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56) Most homosexuals have characteristics that are normal for the opposite sex—males are “effeminate” and females are “masculine.”

Answer: FALSE

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57) Most of the children raised in homosexual families become homosexual.

Answer: FALSE

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58) A person who has a sexual preference only for persons of the same sex is called a heterosexual.

Answer: FALSE

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59) Homosexuals are treated the same as heterosexuals in all job-hiring situations.

Answer: FALSE

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60) The term “cunnilingus” refers to intercourse defined as “unnatural,” particularly used to refer to anal intercourse.

Answer: FALSE

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61) The overall well-being of children raised in a homosexual family is as high as that of children raised in heterosexual families.

Answer: TRUE

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