Psychology Themes and Variations Briefer Edition International 8th Edition by Wayne Weiten – Test Bank

Psychology Themes and Variations Briefer Edition International 8th Edition by Wayne Weiten – Test Bank

Chapter 08

COMPLETION

1. The three classes of problems described by Greeno are problems of inducing structure, problems of transformation, and problems of _________.

ANS: arrangement

REF: p. 260 OBJ: 8.1

2. Compared to older children and adults, young children appear to be _______ vulnerable to functional fixedness because they have less knowledge about typical uses for various objects.

ANS: less

REF: p. 262 OBJ: 8.2

3. When people persist in using problem-solving strategies that have worked in the past, they are displaying a(n) _____________.

ANS: mental set

REF: p. 262 OBJ: 8.2 TOP: WWW

4. The strategy of searching for ________ depends on recognizing similarity between two problems.

ANS: analogies

REF: p. 264 OBJ: 8.3 TOP: WWW

5. People from Eastern cultures tend to have a ____________________ cognitive style when solving problems.

ANS: holistic

REF: p. 266-267 OBJ: 8.4

6. When using the ________ strategy to make a decision, an alternative is rejected when it fails to satisfy some minimum criterion.

ANS: elimination by aspects

REF: p. 268 OBJ: 8.6 TOP: WWW

7. For a given individual, the personal worth of an uncertain outcome represents that outcome’s ____________________.

ANS: subjective utility

REF: p. 269 OBJ: 8.7

8. The ____________________ heuristic involves basing probability estimates for an outcome on the ease with which relevant examples can be retrieved from long-term memory.

ANS: availability

REF: p. 269 OBJ: 8.7 TOP: WWW

9. The fact that people tend to overestimate the improbable has been attributed to the operation of the ____________________.

ANS: availability heuristic

REF: p. 272 OBJ: 8.9

10. The ____________________ is the belief that the odds of an uncertain event increase when the event has not occurred recently.

ANS: gambler’s fallacy

REF: p. 271 OBJ: 8.9 TOP: WWW