Psychology The Science of Mind And Behavior 3rd Australian Edition By Michael W. Passer – Test Bank

Psychology The Science of Mind And Behavior 3rd Australian Edition By Michael W. Passer – Test Bank

Chapter 07 Testbank
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. Psychologists define ____________ as the general process by which experience produces a relatively enduring change in behaviour or capabilities.

A. habituation

B. adaptive significance

C. learning

D. extinction

2. Within the field of psychology, _______________ focus on how organisms learn and assume that there are general laws of learning that apply to virtually all organisms.

A. ethologists

B. behaviourists

C. neurobiologists

D. Freudian psychologists

3. The term ‘personal adaptation’ is concerned with how:

A. the laws of learning and the environment shape the behaviour of organisms.

B. learning directly modifies the genes of a species.

C. adaptive significance affects species’ adaptation.

D. evolutionary factors operate through the environment to shape the biology of a species.

4. After becoming familiar with her local environment, a wombat learns to go to a specific waterhole when she is thirsty. She also goes to a shady area when it’s hot. These behaviours are best considered examples of:

A. stimulus generalisation.

B. personal adaptation.

C. variable interval reinforcement.

D. avoidance conditioning.

5. _______________ is defined specifically as a decreasing response to a repeated stimulus.

A. Extinction

B. Latent learning

C. Habituation

D. Shaping

6. You swim in a mountain lake after a long hike. At first, the water feels extremely cold but within a few minutes, the water merely feels refreshing and no longer feels like an ice bath. This example best illustrates the process of:

A. response cost punishment.

B. negative reinforcement.

C. habituation.

D. extinction.

7. Habituation has __________________ because it allows organisms to learn NOT to respond to _____________ stimuli.

A. extinction value; changing

B. strong adaptive significance; uneventful and familiar

C. a low response cost; novel

D. high secondary reinforcement value; discriminative

8. In ____________________, the organism learns to associate two stimuli so that a previously neutral stimulus comes to evoke a reflexive response that was previously evoked by a different stimulus.

A. operant conditioning

B. modelling

C. classical conditioning

D. shaping