Psychology And Life 2nd Canadian Edition By Richard – Test Bank

Psychology And Life 2nd Canadian Edition By Richard – Test Bank

Gerrig, Zimbardo, Desmarais, Ivanco – Psychology and Life, 2Ce

Chapter 7: Learning and Bahaviour Analysis

1) Why do researchers study an organism’s performance if they are really interested in whether or not the organism has learned?
A) Performance and learning are equivalent.
B) Only performance involves a change in behaviour or behaviour potential.
C) Performance changes before learning has occurred.
D) Learning cannot ordinarily be directly observed.
Correct: Rationale: You cannot ordinarily see the changes in your brain; learning is obvious only when we can demonstrate the results. Learning is apparent from improvements in performance.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 184
Skill: Conceptual

2) Which school of psychology was founded by John Watson?
A) structuralism
B) functionalism
C) behaviourism
Correct: Rationale: John B. Watson founded the school of psychology known as behaviourism, and in 1919, he wrote the b.ook Psychology from the Standpoint of a Behaviourist.
D) determinism
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 185
Skill: Factual

3) What did John Watson believe that psychologists should study?
A) observable behaviour.
Correct: Rationale: Watson argued that introspection was too subjective, and that the subject matter of psychology should be observable behaviour.
B) participants’ verbal reports of sensations, images, and feelings.
C) learning rather than performance.
D) states of consciousness.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 185
Skill: Factual

4) A research assistant in listening to John Watson as he describes one of his potential experiments. What primary measure will Watson likely suggest?
A) learning rather than performance.
B) verbal reports of the thoughts of participants.
C) responses on questionnaires about emotions.
D) observable behaviour.
Correct: Rationale: Watson argued that the subject matter of psychology should be observable behaviour.
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 185
Skill: Applied

5) What position was formulated by B. F. Skinner?
A) functionalism
B) determinism
C) behaviourism
D) radical behaviourism
Correct: Rationale: Skinner founded radical behaviourism, or the idea that behaviour is caused by external stimuli, after reading Watson’s book Behaviourism.
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 185
Skill: Factual

6) Cory deprives her dog of food just before she begins training him to sit down on command. Cory gives her dog food only when he sits on the floor after she presses on his back. Pretty soon the dog is sitting on the floor consistently. According to Skinner, what has caused the dog’s sitting behaviour?
A) the desire to get the food.
B) the feelings of extreme hunger.
C) a combination of the dog’s innate intelligence, problem-solving ability, and motivation.
D) deprivation and the use of food as reinforcement.
Correct: Rationale: To understand what the dog does, you do not need to know anything about inner psychological states. The subjective feeling of hunger is the result of deprivation but cannot be directly observed or measured and is not the cause of the dog’s behaviour. To understand the dog’s learned behaviour (sitting on command), you need only to understand the principles of learning that allow the dog to acquire the association between behaviour (sitting) and reward (food).
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 185-186
Skill: Applied