Professional Nursing Practice Concepts and Perspectives, 7th Edition Blais _ Hayes, tb

Professional Nursing Practice Concepts and Perspectives, 7th Edition Blais _ Hayes, tb

Blais/Hayes, Test Item File for Professional Nursing Practice: Concepts and Perspectives, 7e
Chapter 6: Remembering Development in Nursing
Question 1
The nurse’s research is directed toward testing a specific hypothesis deduced from a theory. Which research approach does this work represent?
1. Dynamicism
2. Positivist
3. Constructivist
4. Naturalistic
Correct Answer: 2
Rationale: The positivist approach deals with natural law and assumes that there is a body of facts and principles to be discovered and understood that is independent of the context. In this approach, hypotheses are deduced from the theory to be tested in research. The dynamic approach is also referred to as constructivist. In this approach theories are inductively constructed and give insights into social contexts and personal meanings. This approach uses naturalistic settings and observational methods.
Cognitive Level: Analyzing
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment
Client Need Sub: Management of Care
QSEN Competencies: III.A.1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic scientific methods and processes.
AACN Essential Competencies: III.1. Explain the interrelationships among theory, practice, and research.
NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science; Knowledge; Defining the relationships between research and science building, and between research and EBP.
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Evaluation; Nursing Process
Learning Outcome: 1. Describe the nature of knowledge development.
Page Number: p. 100

Question 2
The nurse strongly believes that truth is based in experiences. Which research approach is this nurse most likely to favor?
1. Hard science model
2. Positivist
3. Cause and effect
4. Constructivist
Correct Answer: 4
Rationale: In the constructivist approach, truth is found in one’s experiences, and research uses naturalistic settings and observational methods to describe phenomena. The positivist approach represents what many people regard as hard science and attempts to look at cause and effect.
Cognitive Level: Analyzing
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment
Client Need Sub: Management of Care
QSEN Competencies: III.A.1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic scientific methods and processes.
AACN Essential Competencies: III.1. Explain the interrelationships among theory, practice, and research.
NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science; Knowledge; Defining the relationships between research and science building, and between research and EBP.
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Planning; Nursing Process
Learning Outcome: 1. Describe the nature of knowledge development.
Page Number: p. 100

Question 3
Which option is the most general in the scope of nursing theories and looks at the nature of things?
1. Grand theory
2. Middle-range theory
3. A concept
4. Philosophy
Correct Answer: 4
Rationale: A philosophy looks at the nature of things and aims to provide the meaning of nursing phenomena. It is the most general in the scope of nursing theories. A grand theory is broad and complex and tends to be very general. Middle-range theory has a narrower scope and is derived from earlier works, such as philosophies and grand theories. A concept is the abstract idea or mental image of a phenomenon.
Cognitive Level: Understanding
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment
Client Need Sub: Management of Care
QSEN Competencies: III.A.1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic scientific methods and processes.
AACN Essential Competencies: III.1. Explain the interrelationships among theory, practice, and research.
NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science; Knowledge; Defining the relationships between research and science building, and between research and EBP.
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Assessment; Nursing Process
Learning Outcome: 1. Describe the nature of knowledge development.
Page Number: p. 101

Question 4
Which strategy would be most useful in integrating nursing theory and nursing practice?
1. Link nursing theories to medical theories.
2. Present theories in a compelling, practice-focused manner.
3. Define theories in terms of advanced nursing education.
4. Require each nurse to identify a personal nursing theorist.
Correct Answer: 2
Rationale: There is a gap between nursing theory and practice. This gap must be bridged to achieve theory-based practice. Nursing theories must be seen as supporting and guiding practice, and must be communicated in ways that are compelling to nurses who must apply them in a clinical setting. Nursing theories do not have to be linked to medical theories and doing so may decrease their usefulness in nursing. A part of the gap between theory and practice is based upon the disconnect between academia and practice, so it would not be helpful to define theories in terms of advanced nursing education. Requiring each nurse to identify a personal nursing theorist is not a practical solution.
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment
Client Need Sub: Management of Care
QSEN Competencies: III.A.1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic scientific methods and processes.
AACN Essential Competencies: III.1. Explain the interrelationships among theory, practice, and research.
NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science; Knowledge; Defining the relationships between research and science building, and between research and EBP.
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Planning; Nursing Process
Learning Outcome: 1. Describe the nature of knowledge development.
Page Number: p. 99

Question 5
Why has nursing theory not been formally integrated into everyday nursing practice? (Select all that apply.)
1. Historically, nursing education was accomplished following an apprenticeship model.
2. Nursing theories were developed by nurses in graduate school at a time when advanced education in nursing was uncommon.
3. The theoretical basis of nursing was developed centuries ago and does not apply to current nursing practice.
4. There is little evidence that nursing theories are applicable in today’s nursing practice.
5. Insufficient numbers of nursing theories exist to guide nursing practice.
Correct Answer: 1, 2
Rationale: The gap between nurse theorists and practicing nurses can be attributed in part to the development of nursing theories in the 1960s by nurses who were pursuing graduate degrees in nursing and related fields. Few other nurses knew or cared about such matters. Until the 1950s nursing practice was based on principles and traditions passed on through an apprenticeship form of education. Nursing theories are current and do apply to today’s nursing practice. Although there is room for the development of new nursing theories, sufficient numbers exist to guide practice.
Cognitive Level: Analyzing
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment
Client Need Sub: Management of Care
QSEN Competencies: III.A.1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic scientific methods and processes.
AACN Essential Competencies: III.1. Explain the interrelationships among theory, practice, and research.
NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science; Knowledge; Defining the relationships between research and science building, and between research and EBP.
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Assessment; Nursing Process
Learning Outcome: 1. Describe the nature of knowledge development.
Page Number: p. 100

Question 6
What are the four concepts that have historically been identified as the focus of nursing theory?
1. Assessment, goals, interventions, and evaluation.
2. Pain, anxiety, stress, and fatigue.
3. Disease, death, care, and cure.
4. Person, environment, health, and nursing.
Correct Answer: 4
Rationale: The four concepts that are the focus of nursing theory are person, environment, health, and nursing. Assessment, goals, interventions, and evaluation are steps of the nursing process. Pain, anxiety, stress, fatigue, disease, death, care, and cure are all aspects of the care that nurses provide.
Cognitive Level: Remembering
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment
Client Need Sub: Management of Care
QSEN Competencies: III.A.1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic scientific methods and processes.
AACN Essential Competencies: III.1. Explain the interrelationships among theory, practice, and research.
NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science; Knowledge; Defining the relationships between research and science building, and between research and EBP.
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Planning; Nursing Process
Learning Outcome: 2. Differentiate among the terms concept, conceptual framework, and conceptual model.
Page Number: p. 101

Question 7
The nursing faculty is revising their program’s curriculum and is developing a conceptual framework. What will this faculty develop?
1. A document that relates concepts by defining their significance to one another.
2. An overall view or orientation to focus thoughts.
3. A system of ideas proposed to explain a given phenomenon.
4. A specific outline of the curriculum’s topics and contents.
Correct Answer: 2
Rationale: A conceptual framework is a group of related concepts that provides an overall view or orientation to focus thoughts. A theory is a system of ideas proposed to explain a given phenomenon. Theories also relate concepts by using definitions that state the concepts’ significant relationships. A specific outline of curriculum topics and contents is a topic outline.
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment
Client Need Sub: Management of Care
QSEN Competencies: III.A.1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic scientific methods and processes.
AACN Essential Competencies: III.1. Explain the interrelationships among theory, practice, and research.
NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science; Knowledge; Defining the relationships between research and science building, and between research and EBP.
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Planning; Nursing Process
Learning Outcome: 2. Differentiate among the terms concept, conceptual framework, and conceptual model.
Page Number: p. 102

Question 8
The nursing faculty is revising their program’s curriculum and plan to use a specific theory as a basis of their work. What is a theory?
1. A document that relates concepts by defining their significance to one another.
2. An overall view or orientation to focus thoughts.
3. A graphic illustration of a conceptual framework.
4. A specific outline of the curriculum’s topics and contents.
Correct Answer: 1
Rationale: Theories relate concepts by using definitions that state significant relationships between concepts. A conceptual framework is a group of related concepts that provides an overall view or orientation to focus thoughts. A graphic illustration of a conceptual framework is a conceptual model. A specific outline of curriculum topics and contents is a topic outline.
Cognitive Level: Understanding
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment
Client Need Sub: Management of Care
QSEN Competencies: III.A.1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic scientific methods and processes.
AACN Essential Competencies: III.1. Explain the interrelationships among theory, practice, and research.
NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science; Knowledge; Defining the relationships between research and science building, and between research and EBP.
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Assessment; Nursing Process
Learning Outcome: 2. Differentiate among the terms concept, conceptual framework, and conceptual model.
Page Number: p. 102

Question 9
The nursing faculty is revising their program’s curriculum and is developing a conceptual model. What will this faculty develop?
1. A graphic illustration of a conceptual framework.
2. An overall view or orientation to focus thoughts.
3. A system of ideas proposed to explain a given phenomenon.
4. A specific outline of the curriculum’s topics and contents.
Correct Answer: 1
Rationale: A conceptual model is a graphic illustration of the program’s conceptual framework. A conceptual framework is a group of related concepts that provides an overall view or orientation to focus thoughts. A theory is a system of ideas proposed to explain a given phenomenon. Theories also relate concepts by using definitions that state the concepts’ significant relationships. A specific outline of curriculum topics and contents is a topic outline.
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment
Client Need Sub: Management of Care
QSEN Competencies: III.A.1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic scientific methods and processes.
AACN Essential Competencies: III.1. Explain the interrelationships among theory, practice, and research.
NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science; Knowledge; Defining the relationships between research and science building, and between research and EBP.
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Implementation; Nursing Process
Learning Outcome: 2. Differentiate among the terms concept, conceptual framework, and conceptual model.
Page Number: p. 102

Question 10
Which option is an example of an inferential concept?
1. Rash
2. Equilibrium
3. Pain
4. Powerlessness
Correct Answer: 3
Rationale: Inferential concepts are indirectly observable and include such ideas as pain and temperature. Rash is a concrete or readily observable concept. Equilibrium and powerlessness are nonobservable or abstract concepts.
Cognitive Level: Remembering
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment
Client Need Sub: Management of Care
QSEN Competencies: III.A.1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic scientific methods and processes.
AACN Essential Competencies: III.1. Explain the interrelationships among theory, practice, and research.
NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science; Knowledge; Defining the relationships between research and science building, and between research and EBP.
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Assessment; Nursing Process
Learning Outcome: 2. Differentiate among the terms concept, conceptual framework, and conceptual model.
Page Number: p. 101

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