Professional Nursing Concepts & Challenges, 8th Edition By Beth Black- Test Bank

Professional Nursing Concepts & Challenges, 8th Edition By Beth Black- Test Bank

Chapter 07: Ethics: Basic Concepts for Professional Nursing Practice
Black: Professional Nursing: Concepts & Challenges, 8th Edition

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which of the following situations is an example of moral distress?
a. You hear nurses in the lounge making off-color jokes about a patient. You are afraid to speak up for fear of retaliation.
b. You have been late for work a couple of times in the last 2 weeks, and your co-workers are covering for you.
c. You become romantically involved with a co-worker, which is against the unit policy, so you resign your position.
d. You purposefully use vague language when explaining a patient’s condition to the family. Staff expects that the patient may be brain-dead, but test results are not yet conclusive.

ANS: A

Feedback
A The definition of “moral distress” is distress that results from participating in a perceived moral wrongdoing due to situational constraints despite attempting to make a moral choice.
B There is no breach of ethics in being late and having co-workers cover for you.
C The person acts appropriately to the moral issue by resigning the position.
D The person is acting appropriately under current circumstances.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: Page 127

2. According to Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, adolescents who shoplift are operating in which level of moral development?
a. Preconventional
b. Conventional
c. Postconventional
d. Developmental

ANS: A

Feedback
A In Kohlberg’s preconventional level of moral development, the individual is inattentive to the norms of society and is self-centered.
B In the conventional level, moral decisions conform to the norms of society.
C In the postconventional level, the individual has a highly developed moral value system independent of group norms.
D “Developmental” is not a level of moral development identified by Kohlberg.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Pages 129-130

3. According to Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, individuals who act “because it is the rule of society” are operating in which level of moral development?
a. Preconventional
b. Conventional
c. Postconventional
d. Developmental

ANS: B

Feedback
A In Kohlberg’s preconventional level of moral development, the individual is inattentive to the norms of society and is self-centered.
B In the conventional level, moral decisions conform to the norms of society.
C In the postconventional level, the individual has a highly developed moral value system independent of group norms.
D “Developmental” is not a level of moral development identified by Kohlberg.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page 130

4. Flight 93, hijacked on September 11, 2001, crashed into the Pennsylvania countryside because some of the passengers decided to try to take control of the plane and prevent it from being used as a weapon of mass destruction against structures in Washington, D.C. They decided to act despite grave danger to themselves. This is an example of which level of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development?
a. Preconventional
b. Conventional
c. Postconventional
d. Conventional phase 4

ANS: C

Feedback
A In the preconventional level, the person’s self-interest takes precedence over group norms.
B In the conventional level, the person conforms to group norms.
C People in the postconventional level of moral development may ignore self-interest and group norms when making decisions and may sacrifice themselves for the group.
D Phase 4 of the conventional level follows group and cultural norms.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: Page 130

5. According to Kohlberg’s theory, which of the following is true of moral development?
a. Participating in decision making promotes moral reasoning.
b. Intellectual development has no effect on moral development.
c. Participating in debates on ethical issues decreases moral development.
d. Holding people responsible for their actions does not improve moral development.

ANS: A

Feedback
A Kohlberg thought that certain conditions promote moral development, such as participating in decision making.
B Kohlberg thought that intellectual development was necessary for advanced moral development.
C Participating in debates on ethical issues does enhance moral development.
D Taking responsibility for actions promotes moral development.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page 130

6. Gilligan’s theory on moral development differed from Kohlberg’s theory because Gilligan considered which population not addressed by Kohlberg?
a. Children
b. Men
c. Women
d. Adolescents

ANS: C

Feedback
A Kohlberg mostly tested his theory in men and boys.
B Men were the focus of Kohlberg’s theory.
C Gilligan thought that Kohlberg’s theory did not recognize the experience of women in moral development.
D Gilligan’s theory did not focus on adolescents.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 130