Pathophysiology Introductory Concepts And Clinical Perspectives By Capriotti DO MSN CRNP – Test Bank

Pathophysiology Introductory Concepts And Clinical Perspectives By Capriotti DO MSN CRNP – Test Bank

Chapter 8: Acid-Base Imbalances

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. A nurse is analyzing an arterial blood gas report of a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and respiratory acidosis. Which compensation mechanism is likely to occur?
A. The kidneys will retain bicarbonate.
B. The kidneys will excrete bicarbonate.
C. The lungs will retain carbon dioxide.
D. The lungs will excrete carbon dioxide.

____ 2. A nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with renal failure. Which mechanism of compensation for the acid-base disturbance does the nurse recognize in the client?
A. The client retains carbon dioxide in excess.
B. The client’s oxygen saturation level improves.
C. The client’s blood pH decreases from the present value.
D. The client breathes rapidly to eliminate carbon dioxide.

____ 3. A nurse is caring for a client who is anxious and dizzy following a traumatic experience. The arterial blood gas findings include a pH level of 7.48, partial pressure of oxygen at 110, partial pressure of carbon dioxide at 25, and bicarbonate at 2D. Which initial intervention does the nurse implement?
A. Administer antidepressants.
B. Administer oxygen through a mask.
C. Encourage the client to breathe into a paper bag.
D. Administer sodium bicarbonate intravenously.

____ 4. An unconscious client is brought to the hospital. The client’s arterial blood gases show a pH greater than 7.45 and a bicarbonate level of 36 mEq/L. Which acid-base imbalance has the client developed?
A. Metabolic acidosis
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Respiratory acidosis
D. Respiratory alkalosis

____ 5. An elderly client is demonstrating lethargy, confusion, and a respiratory rate of 8 breaths per minute. The nurse sees that the last dose of medication administered through a client-controlled analgesic pump was within the last 30 minutes. Which acid-base disorder might the client have developed?
A. Metabolic acidosis
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Respiratory acidosis
D. Respiratory alkalosis

____ 6. Hyperventilation of the lungs increases
A. Blood pH.
B. Acid in the blood.
C. Carbon dioxide in the blood.
D. None of the above.

____ 7. Which is a normal blood pH?
A. 7.00
B. 7.20
C. 7.35
D. None of the above

____ 8. What is hypocapnea?
A. Low partial pressure of oxygen
B. Elevated partial pressure of carbon dioxide
C. Diminished partial pressure of carbon dioxide
D. None of the above

____ 9. Which is an acidic pH of blood?
A. 6.00
B. 7.40
C. 8.00
D. 8.35

____ 10. Which condition is developed due to metabolic acidosis with an elevated anion gap?
A. Ketoacidosis
B. Hypoaldosteronism
C. Hyperalimentation
D. None of the above