Pathophysiology 5th Edition by Lee-Ellen C. Copstead – Test Bank

Pathophysiology 5th Edition by Lee-Ellen C. Copstead – Test Bank

Chapter 9: Inflammation and Immunity Test Bank

MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Antigen-presenting cells function to
a. display foreign antigen on their cell surfaces bound to MHC.
b. stimulate cytokine production by macrophages.
c. phagocytose and degrade foreign antigens.
d. initiate the complement cascade by way of the alternative pathway.
ANS: A
Antigen-presenting cells function to display foreign antigen on their cell surfaces bound to MHC for T cell recognition.
Antigen-presenting cells do not stimulate cytokine production or initiate the complement cascade. They also do not phagocytose and degrade foreign antigens, but instead present these to T cells for these functions.
REF: Pgs. 177-179
2. The “classical pathway” for activation of the complement cascade is triggered by a. activation of C3.
b. inflammation.
c. first recognition of an antigen.
d. antigen-antibody complexes.
ANS: D
The classical pathway for activation of the complement cascade is triggered by the presence of IgG or IgM antigen-antibody complexes. Activation of C3 initiates the alternative pathway. Inflammation does not initiate the classical pathway, but instead inflammation is enhanced by the complement cascade. First recognition of an antigen initiates the lectin pathway or the alternative pathway.
REF: Pg. 169
3. Proteins that are increased in the bloodstream during acute inflammation are called
a. membrane attack complexes.
b. selectin receptors.
c. acute phase proteins.
d. major histocompatibility complexes.
ANS: C
Acute phase proteins are produced in the liver during acute inflammation and circulate in the bloodstream. Two of the most important acute phase proteins are C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A. Membrane attack complexes are porelike structures that function within the complement system. Selectin receptors are receptors on neutrophils that help neutrophils stick to capillary endothelium. Major histocompatibility complexes are a cluster of genes on chromosome 6 involved in antigen presentation.
REF: Pg. 176
4. The membrane attack complex formed by complement is similar in function to
a. CD4+.
b. granzymes.
c. gp120.
d. perforin.
ANS: D
The membrane attack complex functions in a similar manner to perforin. CD4+ do not function similar to the membrane attack complex. Granzymes do not function similar to the membrane attack complex. gp120 does not function similar to the membrane attack complex.
REF: Pg. 169 | Pg. 178
5. Which clinical finding is most indicative of an acute bacterial infection?
a. Increased (band) neutrophils.
b. Elevated temperature.
c. Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
d. Elevated WBC count.
ANS: A
Neutrophils are early responders and most active in bacterial infections, and the number of neutrophil bands indicates the severity of the infection. Elevated temperature can occur in infection caused by any organism. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate is non-specific for the type of organism causing an infection. The total WBC count can increase in any infection. The specific type of WBC that is elevated indicates the type of organism involved.
REF: Pgs. 161-162
6. Interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor- are inflammatory cytokines secreted by a. plasma cells.
b. neutrophils.
c. lymphocytes.
d. macrophages.
ANS: D