Nutritional Foundations And Clinical Applications- A Nursing Approach- 6th Edition Michele Grodner – Test Bank

Nutritional Foundations And Clinical Applications- A Nursing Approach- 6th Edition Michele Grodner – Test Bank

Chapter 07: Vitamins
Grodner and Escott-Stump: Nutritional Foundations and Clinical Application: A Nursing Approach, 6th Edition

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A patient is admitted to the hospital with confusion, memory loss, and ataxia. What other information would lead you to suspect that his symptoms may be caused by secondary thiamin deficiency?
a. The patient has very limited funds and has been eating mainly rice and beans.
b. The patient admits that he struggles with alcoholism.
c. The patient is recovering from a minor stroke.
d. The patient has a family history of Alzheimer’s disease.

ANS: B
Alcoholism may be associated with a secondary thiamin deficiency because the liver needs increased amounts of thiamin to detoxify alcohol. Limited food intake may cause primary deficiency (although legumes are a good source of thiamin, and so primary deficiency is unlikely). Strokes and Alzheimer’s disease may cause confusion, memory loss, and ataxia, but not in relation to a secondary vitamin deficiency.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyzing REF: Page 107 | Pages 111-112 | Page 119
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Physiological integrity

2. An example of someone who has a relatively high risk for vitamin deficiencies is a(n)
a. 45-year-old half marathon runner.
b. 85-year-old man living independently.
c. college-age woman living with roommates.
d. breastfed newborn.

ANS: B
Subgroups of the population at risk for vitamin deficiencies include older adults because of decreased vitamin absorption and limited physical and economic resources to purchase and prepare food. Active middle-aged adults and college students usually consume enough food to ensure adequate vitamin intake. Vitamin deficiencies are rare among breastfed newborns.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: Page 106 | Page 124
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Health promotion and maintenance

3. Deficiencies are likely to develop most rapidly with low intake of vitamin
a. A.
b. C.
c. D.
d. E.

ANS: B
Vitamin C is water soluble; vitamins A, D, and E are fat soluble. Deficiencies of water-soluble vitamins develop more rapidly because they are not stored in the body.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: Pages 108-109
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Health promotion and maintenance

4. The best way to ensure intake of a variety of phytochemicals is to
a. take a daily multivitamin supplement that includes phytochemicals.
b. increase intake of soy-based foods, such as soy milk, tofu, and soy flour.
c. choose whole grains and include at least five servings of fruits and vegetables daily.
d. include at least three servings of dairy products daily and use a variety of herbs and spices.

ANS: C
The best way to ensure intake of a variety of phytochemicals is to eat a variety of plant-based foods, including whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Multivitamin supplements do not necessarily contain phytochemicals. Soy-based foods contain only a limited selection of phytochemicals. Dairy products do not contain phytochemicals; herbs and spices may provide some but are used in small quantities and so would not provide significant amounts.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: Page 109 | Page 111
TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: Client Needs: Health promotion and maintenance

5. The person who would have the highest need for thiamin is
a. someone who lifts weights to maintain health.
b. a pregnant woman.
c. a professional cyclist.
d. an older adult who walks 2 miles daily.

ANS: C
Thiamine needs are related to metabolic rate (i.e., energy expenditure) because thiamine is a coenzyme in energy metabolism. Therefore, the professional cyclist needs the most thiamin because he or she has the greatest energy needs. Pregnancy, walking, and weightlifting all increase energy needs, but less so than professional athletic training.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyzing REF: Page 111 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Client Needs: Physiological integrity