Nutrition for Sport And Exercise 2nd Edition by Marie Dunford – Test Bank

Nutrition for Sport And Exercise 2nd Edition by Marie Dunford – Test Bank

Test Bank[1] for Nutrition for Sport & Exercise 2e

Chapter 10 – Diet Planning: Food First, Supplements Second

Learning Objectives

1. Define the word diet.
2. Explain how energy intake and nutrient density are fundamental to diet planning.
3. Create a 1-day diet plan for an athlete based on MyPyramid.
4. Translate sports nutrition recommendations to food choices.
5. Make practical suggestions for food and fluid intake prior to, during, and after exercise.
6. Discuss the safety and effectiveness of caffeine and alcohol.
7. Outline the information included on the Supplement Facts label.
8. Discuss the role of supplementation in an athlete’s diet.

Question Information Key

ANS = correct answer REF = page reference

DIF = question classification OBJ = learning objective

Multiple Choice

1. According to the textbook, the word diet should be defined as:
2. a restriction of food and beverages in an effort to lose weight.
3. an increase or decrease in caloric intake to gain or lose weight.
4. a pattern of eating.
5. nutrition periodization.

ANS: c DIF: Recall/comprehension REF: 364 OBJ: 10.1

2. The first goal of dietary planning is to establish daily _____ intake.
3. carbohydrate
4. protein
5. fat
6. energy

ANS: d DIF: Comprehension REF: 365 OBJ: 10.2

3. A female who is sedentary needs approximately _____ kcal/kg to maintain body weight:
4. 25
5. 30
6. 35
7. 40

ANS: b DIF: Recall REF: 365 OBJ: 10.2

4. Which energy-containing compound is typically eliminated from the diet when one is trying to lose body fat?
5. Carbohydrate
6. Protein
7. Fat
8. Alcohol

ANS: d DIF: Comprehension REF: 369 OBJ: 10.2

5. For an athlete trying to lose body fat, what is the minimum amount of carbohydrate that should be consumed each day?
6. 4 g/kg
7. 5 g/kg
8. 6 g/kg
9. 7 g/kg

ANS: b DIF: Recall REF: 371 OBJ: 10.2

6. Why is the intake of a minimum amount of carbohydrate recommended?
7. This keeps protein and fat intake from being too high, which can be harmful.
8. Carbohydrate is the most appetite-suppressing nutrient.
9. Sufficient carbohydrate is needed to resynthesize muscle glycogen.
10. Carbohydrate intake results in a small diuretic effect.

ANS: c DIF: Comprehension REF: 367|371 OBJ: 10.2

7. The recommended minimum amount of energy that an athlete should consume daily is:
8. 20 kcal/kg of body weight.
9. 25 kcal/kg of body weight.
10. 30 kcal/kg of body weight.
11. 35 kcal/kg of body weight.

ANS: c DIF: Recall REF: 365|366 OBJ: 10.2

8. What does the term “discretionary calories” mean?
9. Calories needed to maintain energy balance after meeting macronutrient needs
10. Calories obtained from fat and alcohol after meeting micronutrient needs
11. Energy (kcal) obtained from snacks but not meals
12. Energy (kcal) obtained from alcohol and sugar

ANS: a DIF: Recall/comprehension REF: 366 OBJ: 10.2

9. Nutrient density is a concept that is based on the relationship between:
10. protein and vitamins/minerals.
11. essential and nonessential nutrients.
12. energy and nutrients.
13. fat and sugar.

ANS: c DIF: Comprehension REF: 368 OBJ: 10.2

10. Athletes who are reducing their energy (kcal) intake in an effort to lose weight should consume nutrient-dense foods so that:
11. nutrient intake will remain adequate.
12. hormone levels will not be negatively affected.
13. hydration status will remain unaffected.
14. supplements will be better utilized by the body.

ANS: a DIF: Comprehension REF: 369 OBJ: 10.2

11. What does the term “empty calories” mean?
12. High in calories
13. Devoid of calories
14. Contains artificial sweeteners
15. Contains calories but lack nutrients

ANS: d DIF: Recall/comprehension REF: 369 OBJ: 10.2

12. Once an energy (kcal) goal has been established, in what order should the other nutrients be considered?
13. Carbohydrate, fat, protein
14. Carbohydrate, protein, fat
15. Protein, carbohydrate, fat
16. Fat, carbohydrate, protein

ANS: b DIF: Analysis REF: 366 OBJ: 10.3

13. Why is MyPyramid a useful tool for athletes?
14. It is a well-planned diet that meets the needs of nearly all athletes in training.
15. It is a general guideline that provides the minimum amount of carbohydrate recommended.
16. The website has individually planned diets for endurance and strength athletes.
17. The diet plans are formulated with athletes in mind.

ANS: b DIF: Comprehension REF: 370-371 OBJ: 10.3

14. The practitioner most qualified to evaluate an athlete’s diet and recommend changes is a:
15. certified strength and conditioning specialist (CSCS).
16. certified athletic trainer (ATC).
17. certified sports dietitian.
18. certified nutritionist.

ANS: c DIF: Comprehension REF: 372 OBJ: 10.4

For questions 15-19, match the phrase with the most accurate and complete description(s).

15. Provide carbohydrate
16. Goal associated with food and fluid intake prior to exercise
17. Goal associated with food and fluid intake during exercise
18. Goal associated with food and fluid intake after exercise
19. a and b
20. All of the above

ANS: e DIF: Comprehension REF: 373-377 OBJ: 10.5

16. Delay fatigue
17. Goal associated with food and fluid intake prior to exercise
18. Goal associated with food and fluid intake during exercise
19. Goal associated with food and fluid intake after exercise
20. a and b
21. All of the above

ANS: d DIF: Comprehension REF: 373-377 OBJ: 10.5

17. Resynthesize muscle glycogen
18. Goal associated with food and fluid intake prior to exercise
19. Goal associated with food and fluid intake during exercise
20. Goal associated with food and fluid intake after exercise
21. a and b
22. All of the above

ANS: c DIF: Comprehension REF: 373-377 OBJ: 10.5

18. Meet the individual needs of the athlete
19. Goal associated with food and fluid intake prior to exercise
20. Goal associated with food and fluid intake during exercise
21. Goal associated with food and fluid intake after exercise
22. a and b
23. All of the above

ANS: e DIF: Comprehension REF: 373-377 OBJ: 10.5

19. Primary prevention of hyponatremia
20. Goal associated with food and fluid intake prior to exercise
21. Goal associated with food and fluid intake during exercise
22. Goal associated with food and fluid intake after exercise
23. a and b
24. All of the above

ANS: b DIF: Comprehension REF: 373-377 OBJ: 10.5

20. Why does too large of a volume of food prior to exercise result in gastrointestinal (GI) distress?
21. Hormones related to nausea and vomiting are released.
22. The autonomic nervous system is negatively affected.
23. Heart rate is reduced when the stomach is full.
24. Blood flow to the GI tract is decreased with the onset of exercise.

ANS: d DIF: Comprehension REF: 373 OBJ: 10.5

21. The results of studies of pre-exercise food and fluid intake are most applicable to _____ athletes because the majority of studies have been conducted in this population.
22. strength
23. endurance
24. female
25. adolescent

ANS: b DIF: Comprehension REF: 373-374 OBJ: 10.5

22. Why is some fat usually included in a pre-exercise meal that is consumed several hours before exercise?
23. Supplies needed vitamins
24. Provides a feeling of satiety
25. Increases gastric emptying
26. Depresses insulin secretion

ANS: b DIF: Comprehension REF: 374 OBJ: 10.5

23. An endurance athlete has been experiencing intestinal cramping and diarrhea and suspects that these symptoms are related to her pre-exercise meal. Which strategy should she try?
24. Replace some solid food with semi-solid food or liquid.
25. Increase foods known to be constipating, such as fat.
26. Eliminate food and fluid intake prior to exercise.
27. Add a fructose-containing sports beverage.

ANS: a DIF: Comprehension/analysis REF: 374 OBJ: 10.5

24. During prolonged endurance exercise, why does the liver have difficulty maintaining blood glucose within the normal range?
25. The blood insulin concentration is depressed.
26. Conversion of fructose to glucose does not take place.
27. The central nervous system response is delayed.
28. The rate of gluconeogenesis is limited.

ANS: d DIF: Comprehension REF: 375 OBJ: 10.5

25. What is the recommended intake of carbohydrate per hour during prolonged endurance exercise?
26. 10 to 30 g
27. 30 to 60 g
28. 60 to 90 g
29. 90 to 120 g

ANS: b DIF: Recall REF: 376 OBJ: 10.5

26. What is the recommended intake of carbohydrate per hour during “stop and go” exercise (e.g. soccer, basketball, ice hockey)?
27. 10 to 30 g
28. 30 to 60 g
29. 60 to 90 g
30. 90 to 120 g

ANS: b DIF: Recall REF: 376 OBJ: 10.5

27. During prolonged endurance exercise, what is the estimated maximum absorption of carbohydrate per hour?
28. 10 g
29. 30 g
30. 60 g
31. 90 g

ANS: c DIF: Recall REF: 375-376 OBJ: 10.5

28. What is the general recommendation regarding the percentage of carbohydrate appropriate for a sports beverage consumed during prolonged endurance exercise?
29. 2 to 4%
30. 4 to 8%
31. 8 to 10%
32. 10 to 12%

ANS: b DIF: Recall REF: 376 OBJ: 10.5

29. If a sports beverage contains a carbohydrate concentration of 6%, how much carbohydrate would be contained in 1,000 ml?
30. 6 g
31. 60 g
32. 66 g
33. 660 g

ANS: b DIF: Comprehension REF: 376 OBJ: 10.5

30. Why is it important to consume carbohydrate immediately after exercise?
31. Rapid glycogen resynthesis
32. Stimulation of insulin secretion
33. Fat storage (adipose tissue) replenishment
34. a and b
35. a, b, and c

ANS: d DIF: Comprehension REF: 377 OBJ: 10.5

31. Why is it important to consume high- to moderate-glycemic index carbohydrates immediately after exercise?
32. Provides more carbohydrate per gram than low-glycemic index carbohydrate
33. Stimulates a more rapid insulin response
34. Prevents the athlete from going to sleep immediately after exercise
35. a and b
36. a, b, and c

ANS: b DIF: Comprehension REF: 377 OBJ: 10.5

32. How much carbohydrate should an athlete consume in the first hour after exercise?
33. 0.5 g/kg of body weight
34. 1.0 g/kg of body weight
35. 1.5 g/kg of body weight
36. 2.0 g/kg of body weight

ANS: c DIF: Recall REF: 377 OBJ: 10.5

33. Nutrition periodization refers to:
34. the number of meals that should be eaten each day.
35. the amount of “quality Calories” an athlete consumes each day.
36. the process of matching nutrient intake to training.
37. the timing of food and supplement intake.

ANS: c DIF: Recall/comprehension REF: 389 OBJ: 10.4

34. In which mesocycle is the athlete’s energy intake likely to be the lowest because the daily energy expenditure is likely to be lowest?
35. Active recovery
36. Competition
37. Pre-competition
38. Intense training during the preparation period

ANS: a DIF: Comprehension/analysis REF: 365-366 OBJ: 10.4

35. The stage of training where weight loss is generally NOT recommended is:
36. early in the preparation stage.
37. during competition.
38. during active recovery.
39. a and b
40. all of the above

ANS: b DIF: Recall/comprehension REF: 366|390 OBJ: 10.4

36. Athletes in which of the following sports typically have similar nutrient needs?
37. Football, basketball, baseball
38. Soccer, ice hockey, tennis
39. Gymnastics, handball, javelin
40. Cross-country skiing, ski jumping, figure skating

ANS: b DIF: Comprehension/analysis REF: 389|392 OBJ: 10.4

37. The primary active ingredient in caffeine is:
38. methylxanthine.
39. theobromine.
40. ephedrine.
41. d-caffeine.

ANS: a DIF: Recall REF: 378 OBJ: 10.6

38. A moderate dose of caffeine is defined as:
39. 100 to 200 mg daily.
40. 200 to 300 mg daily.
41. 300 to 400 mg daily.
42. 400 to 500 mg daily.

ANS: b DIF: Recall REF: 378 OBJ: 10.6

39. Hydration status in athletes does not seem to be negatively affected by a caffeine intake up to:
40. 550 mg daily.
41. 300 mg daily.
42. 450 mg daily.
43. 200 mg daily.

ANS: c DIF: Recall REF: 378 OBJ: 10.6

40. By what mechanism does caffeine most likely enhance endurance performance?
41. Enhances mobilization and oxidation of free fatty acids
42. Uses fatty acids and thus spares muscle glycogen
43. Decreases the perception of fatigue
44. a and b
45. all of the above

ANS: c DIF: Comprehension REF: 379 OBJ: 10.6

41. Which of the following is a true statement regarding caffeine and its effectiveness for weight loss?
42. Caffeine is an effective weight-loss agent in athletes and nonathletes.
43. Caffeine is an effective weight-loss agent in athletes but not in nonathletes.
44. Caffeine is an effective weight-loss agent in nonathletes but not in athletes.
45. Caffeine is not an effective weight-loss agent.

ANS: d DIF: Comprehension REF: 379 OBJ: 10.6

42. One drink of an alcoholic beverage is defined as:
43. 4 ounces wine.
44. 10 ounces wine cooler.
45. 12 ounces beer.
46. a and b
47. all of the above

ANS: e DIF: Recall REF: 379 OBJ: 10.6

43. One drink of an alcoholic beverage contains approximately how many kcal?
44. 50 to 100
45. 100 to 150
46. 150 to 200
47. 200 to 300

ANS: b DIF: Recall REF: 379 OBJ: 10.6

44. What is the relationship between alcohol and depression?
45. Alcohol causes depression.
46. Alcohol reduces depression.
47. There is no relationship between alcohol and depression.

ANS: a DIF: Comprehension REF: 380 OBJ: 10.6

45. Alcohol has a beneficial effect on heart disease when consumption is:
46. avoided.
47. low.
48. moderate.
49. high.

ANS: c DIF: Comprehension REF: 380 OBJ: 10.6

46. Given the alcohol content of most alcoholic beverages in the U.S., what effect does the consumption of alcohol likely have on hydration status?
47. No effect
48. Little effect because the % alcohol contained is low
49. Negative effect due to alcohol’s diuretic effect
50. Positive effect due to an increased drive to drink

ANS: c DIF: Comprehension REF: 380 OBJ: 10.6

For questions 47-53, indicate whether or not the item MUST appear on the label of a dietary supplement.

[1] Revised by Jamie Krzykowski, PhD, ATC, LAT, of Carroll University.