Nutrition for Life 3rd Edition by Thompson -Test Bank

Nutrition for Life 3rd Edition by Thompson -Test Bank

Nutrition: An Applied Approach, 3e, My Plate Edition (Thompson/Manore)

Chapter 9 Nutrients Involved in Bone Health

Multiple-Choice Questions

1) The spongy bone that is found within the ends of long bones is called

1. A) cortical.
2. B) osteoblast.
3. C) collagen.
4. D) trabecular.

Answer: D

Page Ref: 292-293

Skill: Factual

2) Which of the following is FALSE about trabecular bone?

1. A) very sensitive to changes in hormones and nutritional deficiencies
2. B) porous and spongy in composition
3. C) turnover is very rapid
4. D) comprises approximately 80% of the skeleton

Answer: D

Page Ref: 292-293

Skill: Conceptual

3) When does bone growth and modeling start?

1. A) during fetal development
2. B) at birth
3. C) during infancy
4. D) during childhood

Answer: A

Page Ref: 293

Skill: Applied

4) Which of the following refers to the two-step process in which bone tissue is recycled?

1. A) bone growth
2. B) bone modeling
3. C) bone remodeling
4. D) bone regeneration

Answer: C

Page Ref: 294

Skill: Factual

5) Bone cells that are responsible for bone resorption are called

1. A) osteoclasts.
2. B) cortical.
3. C) osteoblasts.
4. D) trabecular.

Answer: A

Page Ref: 294

Skill: Applied

6) In addition to proper growth and development, bone remodeling is critical in maintaining

1. A) blood glucose levels.
2. B) blood calcium levels.
3. C) blood coagulation.
4. D) vitamin D production.

Answer: B

Page Ref: 294

Skill: Applied

7) Around what age does bone resorption generally begin to occur more rapidly than bone formation?

1. A) 10
2. B) 20
3. C) 40
4. D) 60

Answer: C

Page Ref: 294

Skill: Applied

8) A T-score between +1 (plus 1) and -1 (minus 1) on a DXA signifies

1. A) lower than normal bone density.
2. B) osteoporosis.
3. C) normal bone density.
4. D) growing bone.

Answer: C

Page Ref: 295

Skill: Applied

9) Marie is 55 years old and just had her first DXA assessment. The results indicated that she has a T-score of -1.5 (minus 1.5). What does her T-score indicate?

1. A) Compared to a 30-year-old healthy adult, her bone density is normal.
2. B) Compared to a 30-year-old healthy adult, she has low bone mass.
3. C) Compared to a 30-year-old healthy adult, she has osteoporosis.
4. D) Nothing. DXA is not able to determine bone density in women over 50.

Answer: B

Page Ref: 295

Skill: Conceptual

10) Which of the following techniques can assess the risk of fracture?

1. A) blood calcium assessment
2. B) dual energy x-ray absorptiometry
3. C) underwater weighing
4. D) bioelectrical impedance testing

Answer: B

Page Ref: 295

Skill: Applied

11) Which of the following is the MOST abundant mineral in our body?

1. A) calcium
2. B) iron
3. C) phosphorus
4. D) fluoride

Answer: A

Page Ref: 296

Skill: Factual

12) Which of the following is FALSE concerning calcium?

1. A) Calcium’s alkalinity assists in regulating acid-base balance.
2. B) Ninety-nine percent of calcium is found in the blood and soft tissue.
3. C) When blood calcium falls, osteoclasts will liberate calcium from the skeleton.
4. D) Calcium is a major mineral.

Answer: B

Page Ref: 296

Skill: Conceptual

13) Which of the following is NOT a function of calcium?

1. A) transmission of nerve impulses
2. B) muscle contraction
3. C) maintenance of blood pressure
4. D) promotes osteoclasts to break down bone

Answer: D

Page Ref: 296

Skill: Applied

14) The average person will absorb no more than how many mg of calcium at one time?

1. A) 200
2. B) 500
3. C) 1000
4. D) 1500

Answer: B

Page Ref: 298

Skill: Factual

15) Assuming equal serving sizes, which of the following foods would be the poorest source of calcium?

1. A) skim milk
2. B) whole milk
3. C) cheddar cheese
4. D) cottage cheese

Answer: D

Page Ref: 299

Skill: Applied

16) Which process determines the shape of bones?

1. A) bone modeling
2. B) bone turnover
3. C) bone growth
4. D) bone remodeling

Answer: A

Page Ref: 293

Skill: Factual

17) Which of the following does NOT describe a role that calcitonin plays when blood calcium levels are elevated?

1. A) Calcitonin limits calcium absorption in the intestine.
2. B) Calcitonin inhibits osteoclasts from breaking down bone.
3. C) Calcitonin prevents the reabsorption of calcium in the kidney.
4. D) Calcitonin stimulates the action of vitamin D.

Answer: D

Page Ref: 296

Skill: Conceptual

18) If a healthy individual were to consume too much calcium from the diet, which of the following is MOST likely to occur?

1. A) hypercalcemia
2. B) toxicity symptoms, including nausea and dizziness
3. C) excess calcium excreted in the feces
4. D) accumulation of calcium in the soft tissues of the body

Answer: C

Page Ref: 300

Skill: Conceptual

19) Which of the following organs is NOT involved in the synthesis of vitamin D?

1. A) skin
2. B) liver
3. C) kidneys
4. D) heart

Answer: D

Page Ref: 302, 303

Skill: Factual

20) Where do humans obtain vitamin D?

1. A) moonlight
2. B) sunlight
3. C) intestinal bacteria
4. D) stomach bacteria

Answer: B

Page Ref: 301

Skill: Applied

21) The primary, active form of vitamin D in the human body is

1. A) 7-dehydrocholesterol.
2. B) calcidiol.
3. C) calcitonin.
4. D) calcitriol.

Answer: D

Page Ref: 302

Skill: Factual

22) Which of the following is our primary dietary source of vitamin D?

1. A) seafood
2. B) chicken
3. C) green leafy vegetables
4. D) milk

Answer: D

Page Ref: 305

Skill: Factual

23) Vitamin D toxicity is associated with

1. A) sunburns.
2. B) suntan lotions.
3. C) seafood.
4. D) supplements.

Answer: D

Page Ref: 306

Skill: Applied

24) Calcitonin is a hormone secreted by which gland?

1. A) adrenal
2. B) parathyroid
3. C) pituitary
4. D) thyroid

Answer: D

Page Ref: 296

Skill: Factual

25) People with diseases that result in the malabsorption of which nutrient are at risk for a vitamin D deficiency?

1. A) carbohydrate
2. B) fat
3. C) minerals
4. D) protein

Answer: B

Page Ref: 307

Skill: Applied

26) Insufficient vitamin D during adulthood is associated with

1. A) rickets.
2. B) osteomalacia.
3. C) kidney stones.
4. D) hypocalcemia.

Answer: B

Page Ref: 307

Skill: Applied

27) Which of the following is NOT associated with a reduction in the synthesis of vitamin D?

1. A) fair skin
2. B) obesity
3. C) advancing age
4. D) sunscreens with SPF greater than 8

Answer: A

Page Ref: 303-304

Skill: Conceptual

28) Which of the following provides more than three times the recommended Adequate Intake (AI) of Vitamin K?

1. A) 1 tablespoon of canola oil
2. B) 1/2 cup of boiled turnip greens
3. C) 1 cup of raw cabbage
4. D) 1 cup of boiled broccoli

Answer: B

Page Ref: 309

Skill: Applied

29) Newborn infants receive a single injection of vitamin K at birth because

1. A) newborns do not have enough bacteria in their small intestine to make vitamin K.
2. B) breast milk is a poor source of vitamin K.
3. C) the trauma of labor and delivery depletes the newborn’s vitamin K stores.
4. D) newborns cannot absorb any of the vitamin K from breast milk or formula.

Answer: A

Page Ref: 308

Skill: Conceptual

30) Vitamin K’s primary role in the body is

1. A) muscle contraction.
2. B) enzyme action.
3. C) nerve transmission.
4. D) blood clotting.

Answer: D

Page Ref: 308

Skill: Factual

31) In addition to dietary sources, vitamin K is produced in our

1. A) brain.
2. B) mouth.
3. C) stomach.
4. D) large intestine.

Answer: D

Page Ref: 308

Skill: Factual

32) Formed in our bones, hydroxyapatite crystals are mineral complexes comprised of calcium and

1. A) sodium.
2. B) chloride.
3. C) phosphorus.
4. D) vitamin K.

Answer: C

Page Ref: 309

Skill: Applied

33) Which of the following foods is high in phosphorus?

1. A) meat
2. B) spinach
3. C) oranges
4. D) table salt

Answer: A

Page Ref: 309

Skill: Applied

34) When blood calcium levels fall, which of the following does NOT occur?

1. A) PTH is produced and activates vitamin D.
2. B) Vitamin D stimulates the kidney to reabsorb calcium from the blood.
3. C) PTH and vitamin D stimulate osteoblasts to break down bone.
4. D) Vitamin D increases the absorption of calcium from the intestines.

Answer: C

Page Ref: 296

Skill: Conceptual

35) Most of the body’s phosphorus is stored in

1. A) the liver.
2. B) adipose tissue.
3. C) the skeleton.
4. D) the kidneys.

Answer: C

Page Ref: 309

Skill: Factual

36) Which of the following foods are good sources of magnesium?

1. A) green leafy vegetables
2. B) citrus fruits
3. C) french fries and onion rings
4. D) soft drinks and fruit juices

Answer: A

Page Ref: 311

Skill: Applied

37) How can we increase our absorption of dietary magnesium?

1. A) eat a high-fiber diet
2. B) eat a high-carbohydrate diet
3. C) eat a high-protein diet
4. D) eat a high-fat diet

Answer: C

Page Ref: 311

Skill: Conceptual

38) The majority of our body’s fluoride is stored in

1. A) the liver.
2. B) adipose tissue.
3. C) the skeleton.
4. D) interstitial fluid.

Answer: C

Page Ref: 312

Skill: Factual

39) Fluorosis is associated with

1. A) insufficient intake of fluoride.
2. B) consuming too much fluoride.
3. C) Alzheimer’s disease.
4. D) osteoporosis.

Answer: B

Page Ref: 313

Skill: Applied

40) The individual with the highest risk of developing a vitamin D deficiency is a(n)

1. A) exclusively breastfed infant.
2. B) elderly institutionalized adult who consumes no milk and receives little or no sun exposure.
3. C) adult living in the northern United States.
4. D) adolescent female who consumes no milk or dairy products.

Answer: B

Page Ref: 307

Skill: Conceptual

41) The majority of the body’s magnesium is found in the

1. A) blood.
2. B) spleen.
3. C) bones.
4. D) liver.

Answer: C

Page Ref: 310

Skill: Factual

42) Which of the following is a poor source of dietary magnesium?

1. A) green leafy vegetables
2. B) refined grain products
3. C) seafood
4. D) seeds and nuts

Answer: B

Page Ref: 311

Skill: Applied

43) The hormone that assists in maintaining blood calcium levels by stimulating the activation of vitamin D is

1. A) insulin.
2. B) cortisol.
3. C) parathyroid hormone (PTH).
4. D) calcitonin.

Answer: C

Page Ref: 296

Skill: Applied

44) Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to low bone density in the adult years?

1. A) inadequate calcium intake in childhood and adolescence
2. B) low body weight
3. C) early onset of menarche in females
4. D) physical inactivity in adolescence

Answer: C

Page Ref: 293

Skill: Conceptual

45) Phosphorus consumption has increased approximately 10 to 15% over the past 30 years. This is largely due to the increased consumption of

1. A) processed foods.
2. B) meat.
3. C) water.
4. D) milk.

Answer: A

Page Ref: 309-310

Skill: Applied

46) The point in life at which our bones are the densest is called what?

1. A) pubertal bone density
2. B) menopausal bone density
3. C) late adulthood bone density
4. D) peak bone density

Answer: D

Page Ref: 293

Skill: Applied

47) Trace minerals are those our body needs in what amount per day?

1. A) less than 10 mg
2. B) less than 20
3. C) less than 50 mg
4. D) less than 100 mg

Answer: D

Page Ref: 312

Skill: Factual