Nutrition Concepts And Controversies 2nd Edition by Ellie Whitney Frances Sizer – Test Bank

Nutrition Concepts And Controversies 2nd Edition by Ellie Whitney Frances Sizer – Test Bank

Chapter 6-The Proteins and Amino Acids

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Carbohydrate, fat, and protein all offer energy, but protein also offers which of the following elements?

a.

oxygen

b.

hydrogen

c.

nitrogen

d.

carbon

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Page 192

2. Which of the following components accounts for the differences between amino acids?

a.

the side chain

b.

the nitrogen chain

c.

the acid group

d.

the amine group

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Page 192

3. How many amino acids are considered to be indispensable/essential amino acids?

a.

5

b.

7

c.

9

d.

13

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Page 193

4. What is the name for the bond that is formed between the amine group end of one amino acid and the acid group end of the next amino acid in a protein?

a.

sulphur

b.

denatured

c.

amino acid

d.

peptide

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Page 194

5. Which of the following is a protein catalyst that acts on other substances to change them chemically?

a.

enzyme

b.

catalyst

c.

antibody

d.

hormone

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Page 195

6. What factor determines the sequences of amino acids that make up a protein molecule?

a.

sex

b.

the diet

c.

age

d.

heredity

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Page 196

7. Which of the following can cause denaturation of proteins?

a.

size of the protein chain

b.

cold temperatures

c.

light

d.

heat

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Page 198

8. Amino acids are broken down, then incorporated by the liver into which of the following substances?

a.

bile

b.

urine

c.

glucose

d.

urea

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Page 204

9. What does the body do with an oversupply of amino acids?

a.

It converts amino acid residues to glycogen or fat.

b.

It removes them and excretes their acid groups.

c.

It makes excess nitrogen.

d.

It stores them until they are needed.

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Page 205

10. Which of the following protects the stomach lining from the very strong acid of the stomach?

a.

saliva

b.

enzymes

c.

a coating of mucus

d.

antibodies

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Page 199

11. What is the name of the substance in the small intestine that splits tripeptides and dipeptides?

a.

amylase

b.

hydrolase

c.

lipase

d.

peptidase

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Page 200

12. Which of the following does the body require to synthesize protein?

a.

adequate total amount of incomplete protein

b.

all essential amino acids in the proper amounts

c.

adequate carbohydrate intake

d.

excess amino acid supplements

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Page 205

13. Which of the following provides the amino acids that are most easily absorbed by the body?

a.

legumes

b.

animal proteins

c.

vegetables

d.

grains

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Page 207

14. Which of the following foods has the highest protein digestibility–corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS)?

a.

soybean protein

b.

chick peas

c.

kidney beans

d.

tuna

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Page 209

15. The protein digestibility–corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) takes which of the following factors into account?

a.

the quality of food protein

b.

the length of time it takes for the protein to break down

c.

how well the protein supports weight gain

d.

the number of amino acids in a food

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Page 209

16. The dietary reference intake (DRI) for protein depends on which of the following?

a.

sex

b.

body size

c.

weight

d.

height

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Page 209

17. According to the dietary reference intakes (DRI) committee, minimum protein intake should be what percentage of total calories?

a.

5%

b.

10%

c.

15%

d.

20%

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Page 209

18. Which of the following groups is susceptible to NEGATIVE nitrogen balance?

a.

lactating women

b.

surgery patients

c.

growing children

d.

pregnant women

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Page 210

19. According to the dietary reference intakes (DRI) committee, a healthy adult’s intake for protein should be how many grams for each kilogram of body weight?

a.

0.5 grams per kilogram

b.

0.8 grams per kilogram

c.

1.0 grams per kilogram

d.

1.5 grams per kilogram

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Page 209

20. In determining its recommendation for protein intake, the dietary reference intakes (DRI) committee assumed that the protein in a normal diet would typically come from which of the following sources?

a.

primarily from animal sources

b.

primarily from plant sources

c.

entirely from animal sources

d.

from a combination of animal and plant sources

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Page 210

21. What is the name for the calorie-deficiency disease that takes the form of extreme loss of muscle and fat?

a.

kwashiorkor

b.

marasmus

c.

protein-energy malnutrition

d.

protein-calorie malnutrition

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Page 211–212

22. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of kwashiorkor?

a.

enlarged, fatty liver

b.

normal or impaired appetite

c.

severe weight loss

d.

some muscle wasting

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Page 213

23. The body makes tyrosine from which of the following essential amino acids?

a.

lysine

b.

phenylalanine

c.

leucine

d.

threonine

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Page 193

24. A protein-rich diet can lead to which of the following consequences?

a.

a low intake of vitamin A

b.

a low intake of vitamin E

c.

a low intake of iron

d.

a low intake of folate

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Page 215

25. The more animal protein you consume, the higher your intake of what?

a.

vitamin B₁₂

b.

vitamin A

c.

folate

d.

vitamin C

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Page 215

26. What is the name for the strategy of combining two incomplete plant protein sources so that the amino acids in one food make up for those lacking in the other food?

a.

complementary supplementation

b.

simultaneous augmentation

c.

mutual substitution

d.

mutual supplementation

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Page 208

27. Which of the following is a hereditary amino acid disorder?

a.

sickle cell disease

b.

hemophilia

c.

kwashiorkor

d.

diabetes

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Page 196

28. Which of the following cooking methods would you use to maximize the digestibility of protein?

a.

grilling

b.

frying

c.

stewing

d.

baking

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Page 207

29. Absorption of what nutrient can be inhibited by heavy use of soy products in place of meat?

a.

calcium

b.

iron

c.

folate

d.

vitamin C

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Page 215

30. Which of the following symptoms would a child with marasmus exhibit?

a.

dry, thin, and wrinkled skin

b.

edema

c.

skin rash

d.

slight weight loss

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Page 211

31. Which of the following foods/food groups provides the LEAST amount of protein?

a.

vegetables

b.

grains

c.

soybeans

d.

fruits

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Page 215

32. Which of the following can help athletes achieve bigger muscles?

a.

rigorous physical training

b.

amino acid supplements

c.

use of creatine

d.

excess protein consumption in the form of food

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Page 198

33. What does the term protein turnover mean?

a.

maintaining electrolyte balance

b.

building antibodies

c.

ingesting protein-rich foods

d.

replacing worn-out red blood cells

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Page 201

34. Why should eggs be cooked rather than eaten raw?

a.

Raw egg proteins bind the mineral iron.

b.

Raw egg proteins bind the B vitamin folate.

c.

Raw egg proteins speed up protein digestion.

d.

Raw egg proteins bind the mineral calcium.

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Page 198

35. Why is milk used as a first-aid remedy for someone who has swallowed a heavy-metal poison?

a.

Milk removes the metal taste of the poison.

b.

Milk will cause the person to vomit and expel the poison.

c.

Milk will provide calcium, which renders the poison harmless.

d.

The poison acts on the protein in the milk rather than on the protein of the gastrointestinal tract.

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Page 198

36. Your friend avoids acid foods like tomatoes and orange juice because she believes they give her an acid stomach. What information would you give her in response to that?

a.

Highly acidic foods do increase the acidity of the stomach.

b.

You need to see your doctor about producing more mucus to line your stomach.

c.

The stomach is supposed to be alkaline to do its job.

d.

No food is acidic enough to make the stomach acid stronger.

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Page 199

37. Your friend is a vegetarian who consumes large quantities of soy products in the place of meat. Your friend is at risk of developing a deficiency of what nutrient?

a.

folate

b.

vitamin C

c.

iron

d.

calcium

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Page 215

38. What is the name given to the compounds that maintain acid–base balance in the blood?

a.

hormones

b.

buffers

c.

electrolytes

d.

enzymes

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Page 203

39. Which of the following nutrients buffers the blood against excess acidity or alkalinity?

a.

lipids

b.

water

c.

protein

d.

carbohydrate

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Page 203

40. Cordelia has influenza. What type of protein does her immune system need to manufacture in order to fight the influenza and develop immunity?

a.

antibodies

b.

antigens

c.

hemoglobin

d.

lipoproteins

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Page 202

41. What is the recommended dietary reference intake (DRI) for protein for a 40-year-old male who is 193 cm tall and weighs 180 pounds?

a.

34 grams

b.

49 grams

c.

65 grams

d.

144 grams

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Page 193

42. Which of the following is an example of complementary protein combinations?

a.

oatmeal with brown sugar

b.

rice and black-eyed peas

c.

cucumber sandwich

d.

pasta with cheese sauce

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Page 208

43. Marcia excludes animal flesh, seafood, and eggs from her diet, but she does consume dairy products, vegetables, grains, legumes, fruits, and nuts. What type of vegetarian is Marcia?

a.

a vegan-vegetarian

b.

a lacto-vegetarian

c.

a fruitarian

d.

an ovo-vegetarian

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Page 219

44. Bobby is a partial vegetarian, but he excludes poultry from his diet. What type of vegetarian is Bobby?

a.

a pollo-vegetarian

b.

an ovo-vegetarian

c.

a lacto-vegetarian

d.

a pesco-vegetarian

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Page 219

45. Which of the following nutrients is typically lacking in a poorly-planned vegetarian diet?

a.

vitamin A

b.

vitamin C

c.

potassium

d.

zinc

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Page 221–222

46. Proteins attract water and hold it within the vessels, preventing it from freely flowing into the spaces between the cells. Which of the following will an individual develop should any part of this system begin to fail?

a.

dehydration

b.

edema

c.

diabetes

d.

acidosis

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Page 203

47. Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inherited disease which renders the body UNABLE to metabolize what amino acid?

a.

phenylalanine

b.

methiaonine

c.

leucine

d.

alanine

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Page 193

48. Which body protein helps to form bones and teeth?

a.

insulin

b.

collagen

c.

enzymes

d.

hemoglobin

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Page 195

49. Which of the following contains protein whose quality can be considered equivalent to that of meat?

a.

alpha sprouts

b.

soy

c.

whole grains

d.

bean sprouts

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Page 215

50. Which of the following enzymes begins the process of chemical digestion of protein in the stomach?

a.

ghrelin

b.

hydrochloric acid

c.

carboxypeptidase

d.

pepsin

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Page 200