Nutrition and Diet Therapy 9th Edition by Linda Kelley DeBruyne – Test Bank

Nutrition and Diet Therapy 9th Edition by Linda Kelley DeBruyne – Test Bank

Chapter 06 – Metabolism – Energy Balance – and Body Composition

True / False

1. Fat can be made from an excess of any energy-yielding nutrient.​

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

True

DIFFICULTY:

Bloom’s: Understand

REFERENCES:

6.3 Energy Imbalance

QUESTION TYPE:

True / False

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

NUTR.DEBR.16.6.3 – Explain how an excess of any of the three energy-yielding nutrients contributes to body fat and how an inadequate intake of any of them shifts metabolism.

2. In the body, no metabolic difference exists between fasting and starving.​

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

True

DIFFICULTY:

Bloom’s: Understand

REFERENCES:

6.3 Energy Imbalance

QUESTION TYPE:

True / False

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

NUTR.DEBR.16.6.3 – Explain how an excess of any of the three energy-yielding nutrients contributes to body fat and how an inadequate intake of any of them shifts metabolism.

3. Ketones can meet some of the nervous system’s energy needs.​

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

True

DIFFICULTY:

Bloom’s: Apply

REFERENCES:

6.3 Energy Imbalance

QUESTION TYPE:

True / False

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

NUTR.DEBR.16.6.3 – Explain how an excess of any of the three energy-yielding nutrients contributes to body fat and how an inadequate intake of any of them shifts metabolism.

4. Normally, the nervous system consumes less than 50% of the total glucose used each day.​

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

False

DIFFICULTY:

Bloom’s: Understand

REFERENCES:

6.3 Energy Imbalance

QUESTION TYPE:

True / False

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

NUTR.DEBR.16.6.3 – Explain how an excess of any of the three energy-yielding nutrients contributes to body fat and how an inadequate intake of any of them shifts metabolism.

5. Most adults with type 2 diabetes are at a healthy weight, not overweight or obese.​

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

False

DIFFICULTY:

Bloom’s: Understand

REFERENCES:

6.6 Health Risks of Underweight and Obesity

QUESTION TYPE:

True / False

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

NUTR.DEBR.16.6.6 – Identify relationships between body weight and the risk of health problems and summarize the guidelines for identifying and evaluating the risks to health from overweight and obesity.

6. The building up of body compounds is known as anabolism.​

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

True

DIFFICULTY:

Bloom’s: Remember

REFERENCES:

6.1 The Organs and Their Metabolic Roles

QUESTION TYPE:

True / False

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

NUTR.DEBR.16.6.1 – List the principal organs of metabolism, describe their primary roles in metabolism, and explain how the body maintains its constant normal temperature of 98.6°F, as well as the difference between anabolic and catabolic reactions in the body.

7. The high-energy compound ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is able to transfer small amounts of usable energy to move our muscles and supply our enzymes with the energy they need to catalyze chemical reactions.​

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

True

DIFFICULTY:

Bloom’s: Understand

REFERENCES:

6.2 The Body’s Use of Fuels

QUESTION TYPE:

True / False

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

NUTR.DEBR.16.6.2 – Identify the nutrients involved in energy metabolism and the high-energy compound that captures the energy released during their breakdown, and summarize the main steps in the metabolism of glucose, glycerol, fatty acids, and amino acids.

8. People can change their voluntary actions to spend more or less energy in a day, but they cannot change their basal metabolic rate.​

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

False

DIFFICULTY:

Bloom’s: Understand

REFERENCES:

6.4 Energy Balance

QUESTION TYPE:

True / False

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

NUTR.DEBR.16.6.4 – Describe energy balance and identify the components of energy expenditure, the factors that affect a person’s BMR, and the factors that influence a person’s energy expenditure.

9. A smoker may weigh less than a non-smoker, but will likely have a greater waist circumference.​

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

True

DIFFICULTY:

Bloom’s: Understand

REFERENCES:

6.5 Body Weight and Body Composition

QUESTION TYPE:

True / False

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

NUTR.DEBR.16.6.5 – Describe the differences between body weight and body composition, including methods to assess them and health implications.

10. Central to the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa is a distorted body image that overestimates body fatness.​

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

True

DIFFICULTY:

Bloom’s: Understand

REFERENCES:

6.7 Nutrition in Practice: Eating Disorders

QUESTION TYPE:

True / False

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

NUTR.DEBR.16.6.7 – Compare the criteria for diagnosis, characteristics, and treatments of the different eating disorders.

Multiple Choice

11. Which organ system possesses the greatest quantity of rapidly multiplying cells?​

a.

digestive​

b.

​excretory

c.

​cardiovascular

d.

nervous​

e.

​endocrine

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

Bloom’s: Understand

REFERENCES:

6.1 The Organs and Their Metabolic Roles

QUESTION TYPE:

Multiple Choice

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

NUTR.DEBR.16.6.1 – List the principal organs of metabolism, describe their primary roles in metabolism, and explain how the body maintains its constant normal temperature of 98.6°F, as well as the difference between anabolic and catabolic reactions in the body.

12. Which process is not a function of the liver?​

a.

​metabolizing nutrients

b.

​manufacturing immune factors and transport proteins

c.

​secreting insulin and glucagon

d.

​participating in iron recycling

e.

​manufacturing bile

ANSWER:

c

DIFFICULTY:

Bloom’s: Understand

REFERENCES:

6.1 The Organs and Their Metabolic Roles

QUESTION TYPE:

Multiple Choice

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

NUTR.DEBR.16.6.1 – List the principal organs of metabolism, describe their primary roles in metabolism, and explain how the body maintains its constant normal temperature of 98.6°F, as well as the difference between anabolic and catabolic reactions in the body.

13. A healthy pancreas secretes _____ into the blood between meals and _____ right after a meal.​

a.

glucagon; insulin​

b.

​insulin; glucagon

c.

​digestive juices; glucagon

d.

​glycogen; digestive juices

e.

​glucagon; glycogen

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

Bloom’s: Understand

REFERENCES:

6.1 The Organs and Their Metabolic Roles

QUESTION TYPE:

Multiple Choice

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

NUTR.DEBR.16.6.1 – List the principal organs of metabolism, describe their primary roles in metabolism, and explain how the body maintains its constant normal temperature of 98.6°F, as well as the difference between anabolic and catabolic reactions in the body.

14. Perry’s body is not able to efficiently remove metabolic waste products from his blood, so he must receive dialysis treatments. Which organ(s) in his body is/are diseased?​

a.

pancreas​

b.

​heart and blood vessels

c.

​liver

d.

​kidneys

e.

​small intestine

ANSWER:

d

DIFFICULTY:

Bloom’s: Apply

REFERENCES:

6.1 The Organs and Their Metabolic Roles

QUESTION TYPE:

Multiple Choice

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

NUTR.DEBR.16.6.1 – List the principal organs of metabolism, describe their primary roles in metabolism, and explain how the body maintains its constant normal temperature of 98.6°F, as well as the difference between anabolic and catabolic reactions in the body.

15. The metabolic breakdown of glucose to pyruvate is called _____.​

a.

metabolism​

b.

​glycolysis

c.

lipolysis​

d.

​gluconeogenesis

e.

glucolysis​

ANSWER:

b

DIFFICULTY:

Bloom’s: Understand

REFERENCES:

6.2 The Body’s Use of Fuels

QUESTION TYPE:

Multiple Choice

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

NUTR.DEBR.16.6.2 – Identify the nutrients involved in energy metabolism and the high-energy compound that captures the energy released during their breakdown, and summarize the main steps in the metabolism of glucose, glycerol, fatty acids, and amino acids.

16. The production of glucose from protein or fat is called _____.​

a.

​glyconeogenesis

b.

​gluconeogenesis

c.

glycolysis​

d.

​glycogenolysis

e.

triglycerolysis​

ANSWER:

b

DIFFICULTY:

Bloom’s: Understand

REFERENCES:

6.2 The Body’s Use of Fuels

QUESTION TYPE:

Multiple Choice

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

NUTR.DEBR.16.6.2 – Identify the nutrients involved in energy metabolism and the high-energy compound that captures the energy released during their breakdown, and summarize the main steps in the metabolism of glucose, glycerol, fatty acids, and amino acids.

17. The portion of a triglyceride molecule that can be converted into glucose is _____.​

a.

​short-chain fatty acids

b.

​medium-chain fatty acids

c.

​long-chain fatty acids

d.

​glycerol

e.

​adenosine triphosphate

ANSWER:

d

DIFFICULTY:

Bloom’s: Understand

REFERENCES:

6.2 The Body’s Use of Fuels

QUESTION TYPE:

Multiple Choice

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

NUTR.DEBR.16.6.2 – Identify the nutrients involved in energy metabolism and the high-energy compound that captures the energy released during their breakdown, and summarize the main steps in the metabolism of glucose, glycerol, fatty acids, and amino acids.

18. What percentage of a triglyceride molecule cannot be converted to glucose at all?​

a.

​50

b.

​75

c.

​95

d.

​80

e.

40​

ANSWER:

c

DIFFICULTY:

Bloom’s: Understand

REFERENCES:

6.2 The Body’s Use of Fuels

QUESTION TYPE:

Multiple Choice

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

NUTR.DEBR.16.6.2 – Identify the nutrients involved in energy metabolism and the high-energy compound that captures the energy released during their breakdown, and summarize the main steps in the metabolism of glucose, glycerol, fatty acids, and amino acids.

19. Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscles when ____.​

a.

​excessive fat is present in the blood

b.

​vigorous muscular activity has just ended

c.

​excessive glucose is present in the blood

d.

​excessive cholesterol is present in the blood

e.

​there is not enough glucose present in the blood

ANSWER:

c

DIFFICULTY:

Bloom’s: Understand

REFERENCES:

6.3 Energy Imbalance

QUESTION TYPE:

Multiple Choice

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

NUTR.DEBR.16.6.3 – Explain how an excess of any of the three energy-yielding nutrients contributes to body fat and how an inadequate intake of any of them shifts metabolism.

20. Surplus dietary carbohydrates are first stored as _____.​

a.

​glycogen

b.

​protein

c.

​fat

d.

​triglycerides

e.

​glucose

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

Bloom’s: Understand

REFERENCES:

6.3 Energy Imbalance

QUESTION TYPE:

Multiple Choice

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

NUTR.DEBR.16.6.3 – Explain how an excess of any of the three energy-yielding nutrients contributes to body fat and how an inadequate intake of any of them shifts metabolism.

21. When carbohydrate consumption is in excess of body needs, the excess glucose is _____.

a.

not absorbed from the small intestine​​

b.

​excreted in the feces

c.

stored as glycogen and fat​

d.

​stored as glycogen only

e.

​stored temporarily as ATP

ANSWER:

c

DIFFICULTY:

Bloom’s: Understand

REFERENCES:

6.3 Energy Imbalance

QUESTION TYPE:

Multiple Choice

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

NUTR.DEBR.16.6.3 – Explain how an excess of any of the three energy-yielding nutrients contributes to body fat and how an inadequate intake of any of them shifts metabolism.

22. Alcohol contributes to obesity because it _____.​

a.

diminishes the body’s use of fat for fuel​

b.

​has as many kcalories as fat

c.

​increases appetite

d.

​encourages storage of body protein

e.

​stimulates the pancreas to release insulin

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

Bloom’s: Apply

REFERENCES:

6.3 Energy Imbalance

QUESTION TYPE:

Multiple Choice

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

NUTR.DEBR.16.6.3 – Explain how an excess of any of the three energy-yielding nutrients contributes to body fat and how an inadequate intake of any of them shifts metabolism.

23. Which statement is characteristic of the effect of alcohol on body weight?​

a.

​Alcohol yields no energy so it does not affect body weight.

b.

Alcohol is low in kcalories and has very little effect on body weight.​

c.

​Alcohol slows down the body’s use of fat, causing more fat to be stored.

d.

​Alcohol speeds up the body’s metabolism and discourages the storage of body fat.

e.

​Alcohol slows down the central nervous system, which encourages binge eating.

ANSWER:

c

DIFFICULTY:

Bloom’s: Understand

REFERENCES:

6.3 Energy Imbalance

QUESTION TYPE:

Multiple Choice

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

NUTR.DEBR.16.6.3 – Explain how an excess of any of the three energy-yielding nutrients contributes to body fat and how an inadequate intake of any of them shifts metabolism.

24. Of all the nutrients, which is the easiest for the body to store as fat?​

a.

​protein

b.

​carbohydrates

c.

​fat

d.

​vitamins

e.

​minerals

ANSWER:

c

DIFFICULTY:

Bloom’s: Understand

REFERENCES:

6.3 Energy Imbalance

QUESTION TYPE:

Multiple Choice

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

NUTR.DEBR.16.6.3 – Explain how an excess of any of the three energy-yielding nutrients contributes to body fat and how an inadequate intake of any of them shifts metabolism.

25. When protein consumption is in excess of body needs and energy needs are met, the excess amino acids are metabolized and _____.​

a.

​stored as fat

b.

​excreted in the feces

c.

​stored as amino acids

d.

​stored as glycogen and fat

e.

​excreted in the urine

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

Bloom’s: Understand

REFERENCES:

6.3 Energy Imbalance

QUESTION TYPE:

Multiple Choice

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

NUTR.DEBR.16.6.3 – Explain how an excess of any of the three energy-yielding nutrients contributes to body fat and how an inadequate intake of any of them shifts metabolism.

26. Energy is stored in the body for future use as _____.​

a.

​triglycerides

b.

​glycerol

c.

​fatty acids

d.

​lecithin

e.

​ATP

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

Bloom’s: Understand

REFERENCES:

6.3 Energy Imbalance

QUESTION TYPE:

Multiple Choice

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

NUTR.DEBR.16.6.3 – Explain how an excess of any of the three energy-yielding nutrients contributes to body fat and how an inadequate intake of any of them shifts metabolism.

27. Within a day of beginning a fast, most of the body’s stores of _____ are depleted.​

a.

​glycogen

b.

​amino acids

c.

​fatty acids

d.

​glycerol

e.

​adipose tissue

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

Bloom’s: Understand

REFERENCES:

6.3 Energy Imbalance

QUESTION TYPE:

Multiple Choice

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

NUTR.DEBR.16.6.3 – Explain how an excess of any of the three energy-yielding nutrients contributes to body fat and how an inadequate intake of any of them shifts metabolism.

28. Fasting is not a recommended method for weight loss because _____.​

a.

weight gain (fat tissue) may occur​

b.

​lean body mass will be lost

c.

​the aroma of baked goods is too distracting

d.

​lean body mass will be gained

e.

​mobilized fatty acids will be stored as abdominal fat

ANSWER:

b

DIFFICULTY:

Bloom’s: Understand

REFERENCES:

6.3 Energy Imbalance

QUESTION TYPE:

Multiple Choice

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

NUTR.DEBR.16.6.3 – Explain how an excess of any of the three energy-yielding nutrients contributes to body fat and how an inadequate intake of any of them shifts metabolism.

29. In the first few days of fasting, body protein is used primarily to _____.​

a.

​rebuild tissue

b.

​replace worn out cells

c.

​provide glucose

d.

​stabilize fluid balance

e.

​provide glycerol

ANSWER:

c

DIFFICULTY:

Bloom’s: Understand

REFERENCES:

6.3 Energy Imbalance

QUESTION TYPE:

Multiple Choice

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

NUTR.DEBR.16.6.3 – Explain how an excess of any of the three energy-yielding nutrients contributes to body fat and how an inadequate intake of any of them shifts metabolism.

30. Which molecule(s) is/are an acidic, fat-related compound(s) formed from the incomplete breakdown of fat when carbohydrate is not available?​

a.

amino acids​

b.

​pyruvate

c.

​carbon dioxide

d.

​ketone bodies

e.

​ammonia and urea

ANSWER:

d

DIFFICULTY:

Bloom’s: Understand

REFERENCES:

6.3 Energy Imbalance

QUESTION TYPE:

Multiple Choice

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

NUTR.DEBR.16.6.3 – Explain how an excess of any of the three energy-yielding nutrients contributes to body fat and how an inadequate intake of any of them shifts metabolism.

31. During the shift to partial dependence on ketones for energy during prolonged fasting, the body _____.​

a.

​increases its energy output

b.

​conserves its lean tissue

c.

​increases its metabolism

d.

​increases the rate at which lean tissue is lost

e.

​increases its glucose production

ANSWER:

b

DIFFICULTY:

Bloom’s: Understand

REFERENCES:

6.3 Energy Imbalance

QUESTION TYPE:

Multiple Choice

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

NUTR.DEBR.16.6.3 – Explain how an excess of any of the three energy-yielding nutrients contributes to body fat and how an inadequate intake of any of them shifts metabolism.

32. Decreased body temperature is a change that takes place in the body during _____.​

a.

​feasting

b.

​ATP synthesis

c.

​gluconeogenesis

d.

​fasting

e.

deamination​

ANSWER:

d

DIFFICULTY:

Bloom’s: Understand

REFERENCES:

6.3 Energy Imbalance

QUESTION TYPE:

Multiple Choice

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

NUTR.DEBR.16.6.3 – Explain how an excess of any of the three energy-yielding nutrients contributes to body fat and how an inadequate intake of any of them shifts metabolism.

33. Fasting results in _____.​

a.

​degradation of lean body tissue

b.

​safe, quick, and easy loss of fat tissue

c.

​immediate loss of energy and mental alertness

d.

​cleansing of toxins from the body

e.

​an improvement of the body’s fluid and electrolyte balances

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

Bloom’s: Understand

REFERENCES:

6.3 Energy Imbalance

QUESTION TYPE:

Multiple Choice

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

NUTR.DEBR.16.6.3 – Explain how an excess of any of the three energy-yielding nutrients contributes to body fat and how an inadequate intake of any of them shifts metabolism.

34. For every _____ kcalories a person eats in excess of kcalorie expenditures, a pound of body fat is stored.​

a.

​100

b.

​350

c.

​1000

d.

​3500

e.

​4000

ANSWER:

d

DIFFICULTY:

Bloom’s: Understand

REFERENCES:

6.4 Energy Balance

QUESTION TYPE:

Multiple Choice

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

NUTR.DEBR.16.6.4 – Describe energy balance and identify the components of energy expenditure, the factors that affect a person’s BMR, and the factors that influence a person’s energy expenditure.

35. BMR is lowest during _____.​

a.

​pregnancy

b.

​physical activity

c.

​sleep

d.

sedentary activity​

e.

​focused thinking, like test-taking

ANSWER:

c

DIFFICULTY:

Bloom’s: Understand

REFERENCES:

6.4 Energy Balance

QUESTION TYPE:

Multiple Choice

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

NUTR.DEBR.16.6.4 – Describe energy balance and identify the components of energy expenditure, the factors that affect a person’s BMR, and the factors that influence a person’s energy expenditure.