Natural Hazards Earths Processes as Hazards Disasters 3rd Edition Canadian Edition By Edward A. Keller – Test Bank

Natural Hazards Earths Processes as Hazards Disasters 3rd Edition Canadian Edition By Edward A. Keller – Test Bank

Natural Hazards, 3e (Keller)

Chapter 7 Mass Wasting

1) What is mass wasting?

1. A) Recycling of materials to make slopes
2. B) Loss of mass during chemical weathering
3. C) Downslope movement of rock
4. D) Land lost to volcanic eruptions
5. E) Movement of sediment downshore due to currents

Answer: C

Section: 7.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

2) Which of the following environments are susceptible to mass wasting?

1. A) A steep and rocky slope
2. B) A moderate slope made of fill materials
3. C) A gentle slope with deep soils
4. D) A slope that has many buildings on it
5. E) All of the slopes are susceptible to mass wasting

Answer: E

Section: 7.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

3) Which of the following is not a term for a segment type on a slope?

1. A) Free face
2. B) Convex
3. C) Elliptical
4. D) Concave
5. E) Talus

Answer: C

Section: 7.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

4) Which of the following is the most rapid form of mass wasting?

1. A) Rock fall
2. B) Rock Slide
3. C) Creep
4. D) Earthflow
5. E) Slump

Answer: A

Section: 7.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

5) If you see a steep cliff with piles of rocks and the bottom, what kind of mass wasting do you think has occurred?

1. A) Slump
2. B) Avalanche
3. C) Creep
4. D) Fall
5. E) Debris Flow

Answer: D

Section: 7.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application

6) Which of the following describes slump?

1. A) Rocks break off of cliffs and fall to the base of a slope
2. B) Rocks and soil move down-slope very slowly
3. C) Rock mixes with water and moves fluidly down a slope
4. D) Blocks of rock break off and move together along a curved path
5. E) Mud becomes saturated and flows into a streambed

Answer: D

Section: 7.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

7) Which of the following is the slowest mass wasting process?

1. A) Avalanche
2. B) Slump
3. C) Creep
4. D) Earth flow
5. E) Fall

Answer: C

Section: 7.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

8) If you see a gently sloping hillside with tilting utility poles, broken retaining walls and trees with curved tree trunks, what type of mass wasting has probably occurred?

1. A) Avalanche
2. B) Slump
3. C) Creep
4. D) Earth flow
5. E) Fall

Answer: C

Section: 7.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application

9) Which of the following is not a type of flow?

1. A) Avalanche
2. B) Slump
3. C) Creep
4. D) Earth flow
5. E) Debris Flow

Answer: B

Section: 7.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

10) Which of the following mass wasting processes do not necessarily involve water?

1. A) Earth Flow
2. B) Debris Flow
3. C) Creep
4. D) Rock Fall
5. E) All mass wasting processes involve water

Answer: D

Section: 7.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

11) Which of the following is the most important driving force in landslide?

1. A) Weight
2. B) Friction
3. C) Cohesion
4. D) Viscosity
5. E) Shear strength

Answer: A

Section: 7.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

12) Would adding mass to the top of a slope in the form of houses or buildings make the mass or less likely to slide?

1. A) It would make it less likely to slide because the houses would add pressure on the slope keeping it stable
2. B) It would make it less likely to slide because the houses make the slope less steep
3. C) It would make it more likely to slide because the houses add weight to the slope making it more unstable
4. D) It would make it more likely to slide because the houses would make the slope more steep
5. E) It would not make a difference either way

Answer: C

Section: 7.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

13) Which situations would contribute to a potential soil slip?

1. A) Unconsolidated soil on top of bedrock
2. B) Materials with differing permeabilities on top on each other
3. C) An increase in steepness of a slope covered with soil
4. D) A drought on a slope with thin soil
5. E) Planting of native grasses on a previously bare hillside

Answer: E

Section: 7.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

14) Which of the following do not contribute the failure of a slope?

1. A) Steepness
2. B) Climate
3. C) Direction of Sun exposure
4. D) Vegetation
5. E) Amount of water

Answer: C

Section: 7.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

15) Which of the following is not a way in which water contributes to slope failure?

1. A) Water adds cohesion within the grains of the soil causing it to become unstable
2. B) Water adds weight to a slope increasing the driving force
3. C) Water erodes the base of a slope decreasing stability
4. D) Water mixes with the soil causing debris flows
5. E) Water infiltrates slopes causing slumps

Answer: A

Section: 7.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

16) Does adding vegetation to a slope make it more or less stable?

1. A) More stable because the roots will draw water deeper into the ground instead of allowing water to saturate the surface
2. B) More stable because the vegetation roots will hold down loose soil
3. C) Less stable because the vegetation adds weight to the slope
4. D) Less stable because the vegetation will keep more water at the surface of the slope
5. E) It depends on the slope, adding vegetation could make the slope either more or less stable

Answer: E

Section: 7.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application

17) Which of the following statements are not true of avalanches?

1. A) Avalanches are very rare
2. B) Avalanches can be caused by vibrations
3. C) The incidence of avalanches depends on the temperature of the snow
4. D) Avalanches tend to follow the same paths
5. E) Incidences of avalanches depends on the shape of the snow

Answer: A

Section: 7.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

18) How is the incidence of landslides expected to change in the future?

1. A) Incidence of landslides will increase
2. B) Incidence of landslides will decrease
3. C) Incidence of landslides will stay the same
4. D) Incidence of landslides will cease
5. E) There is no way to tell

Answer: A

Section: 7.2

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

19) Which has a higher incidence of landslide activity, the Rocky Mountains or the Appalachian Mountains?

1. A) The Appalachians because they are older and more eroded
2. B) The Appalachians because they are taller
3. C) The Rocky Mountains because they are steeper
4. D) The Rocky Mountains because they are younger and less eroded
5. E) Neither have a high incidence of landslides

Answer: A

Section: 7.2

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

20) Which of the following natural disasters are linked with landslides?

1. A) Earthquakes
2. B) Floods
3. C) Volcanoes
4. D) Tsunami
5. E) All of the above have some connection with landslides

Answer: E

Section: 7.3

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

21) Which of the following is not true about the effects of landslides?

1. A) Landslides can cause flooding when rivers are blocked
2. B) Landslides can bury people in debris
3. C) Landslides rarely do much damage and are rare occurrences
4. D) Landslides can break utility wires and disrupt travel
5. E) Landslides can cause damage to homes and roads

Answer: C

Section: 7.3

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

22) Which of the following human activities can decrease the incidence of mass wasting?

1. A) Grading surfaces to increase the slope
2. B) Improving drainage from the slope
3. C) Removing vegetation such as trees and grass from the slope
4. D) Cutting in to the base of slopes in order to build houses
5. E) Road construction on the slope

Answer: B

Section: 7.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

23) How does urbanization increase incidences of landslides?

1. A) Trees and grasses are removed, leaving the land susceptible to erosion
2. B) Roads are constructed altering the permeability of the land
3. C) Buildings are placed on slopes, increasing the weight on the slope
4. D) Roads are cut at the base of slopes increasing instability
5. E) All of the above increase landslides.

Answer: E

Section: 7.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

24) Which of the following are signs of a potential landslide?

1. A) Cracks or terraces on hillside
2. B) Area of bare soil or rock on hillside
3. C) Path of cleared vegetation extending down a hill
4. D) Exposed bedrock with layering parallel to slope
5. E) All of the above are signs of a potential landslide

Answer: E

Section: 7.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

25) Which of the following natural hazards can cause landslides?

1. A) Earthquakes
2. B) Volcanoes
3. C) Storms
4. D) Fires
5. E) All of the above can cause landslides

Answer: E

Section: 7.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

26) What is “grading” as it pertains to a slope?

1. A) A classification of how likely a slope is to slide
2. B) The greatest slope that a material can be stable at
3. C) A classification of the material in the slope
4. D) Cutting into the slope, as for roads, to make it more or less steep
5. E) A measure of the maximum weight a slope can hold

Answer: D

Section: 7.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

27) How do drains help to prevent landslides?

1. A) Drains keep water at the surface, only saturated the upper part of the slope
2. B) Drains divert water away from the slope
3. C) Drains pull water deeper into the base of the slope
4. D) Drains anchor the soil to the ground keeping it from sliding
5. E) Drains do not prevent landslides

Answer: B

Section: 7.6

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

28) If you see a wall of stone-filled wire baskets on the side of a roadway, what is their purpose?

1. A) They are drains that drain water from the slope
2. B) They are there to collect rocks from rock falls
3. C) They are there to support the base of the slope
4. D) They are there to provide extra weight on the slope
5. E) They are there to cushion the slope from potential collisions with cars

Answer: C

Section: 7.6

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

29) What would be the purpose of making a landslide hazard map of an area?

1. A) Communities could use it to decide where to place critical facilities
2. B) Communities could use it to decide where to place drains or supports
3. C) Communities could use it to decide where to build new homes or businesses
4. D) Individuals could use it to decide where to purchase a new home
5. E) All of the above are purposes for a landslide hazard map

Answer: E

Section: 7.7

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

30) In buying a house, why should you be wary of taut utility wires?

1. A) It is a sign of debris flows
2. B) It is a sign of rock falls
3. C) It is a sign of avalanches
4. D) It is a sign of landslides
5. E) It is a sign of creep

Answer: E

Section: 7.7

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

31) All slopes have potential for mass wasting of some type.

Answer: TRUE

Section: 7.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

32) One indication of a rock fall is an accumulation of rocks called talus.

Answer: TRUE

Section: 7.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

33) Rotational slides, or slumps, usually occur along with small flows at the base.

Answer: TRUE

Section: 7.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

34) The type of mass wasting process that occurs depends on many different factors including the steepness of the slope and the type of material involved.

Answer: TRUE

Section: 7.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

35) Translational slides differ from slumps in the shape of their plane of weakness.

Answer: TRUE

Section: 7.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

36) A mudflow is not usually dangerous because it doesn’t move very quickly.

Answer: FALSE

Section: 7.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

37) Usually, only one mass wasting type happens at one time to an individual slope.

Answer: FALSE

Section: 7.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

38) The term Avalanche only applies to the movement of snow down slopes.

Answer: FALSE

Section: 7.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

39) Placing a greater weight on the top of a slope can cause mass wasting to occur.

Answer: TRUE

Section: 7.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

40) The climate surrounding a slope has very little impact on whether the slope will fail.

Answer: FALSE

Section: 7.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

41) Slopes that have been cleared of native grasses and other vegetation become more stable.

Answer: FALSE

Section: 7.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

42) Snow avalanches usually move down chutes that have previously produced avalanches, making it easier to predict where an avalanche will occur.

Answer: TRUE

Section: 7.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

43) Landslides can be a positive event for forests by creating new habitats for plants and animals.

Answer: TRUE

Section: 7.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

44) Constructing roads on slopes decreases the incidence of landslides because asphalt generally does not let water soak into the ground.

Answer: FALSE

Section: 7.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

45) Building on unstable slopes can increase the load on the slope and the potential for landslides.

Answer: TRUE

Section: 7.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

46) There is no way to prepare for a landslide because you never know where a landslide will occur.

Answer: FALSE

Section: 7.6

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

47) People can prevent landslides through increased drainage and slope supports.

Answer: TRUE

Section: 7.6

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

48) In purchasing a house, some steps can be taken to determine whether it is susceptible to the landslide hazard.

Answer: TRUE

Section: 7.7

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

49) Most avalanches are triggered by the victims themselves or by someone in their company.

Answer: TRUE

Section: 7.7

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

50) Landslides are a high hazard on the California Coastline and the Rocky Mountain states.

Answer: TRUE

Section: 7.2

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

51) What is the difference between a fall, a slide and a flow?

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

52) Describe what each area would look like after a fall, a slide and a flow had occurred.

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application

53) Explain the role of water in the stability of a slope.

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

54) Explain the role of climate in the stability of a slope.

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

55) All slope are susceptible to some kind of mass wasting. Explain how mass wasting might affect a very steep slope and a very gentle slope.

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application

56) The amount of vegetation has a complex role in slope stability. Explain how the amount of vegetation can both increase and decrease slope stability.

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

57) Explain the difference between a loose snow and slab avalanche.

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

58) Explain how landslides are linked to both flooding and fires.

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

59) Explain how drains minimize the landslide hazard.

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

60) La Conchita, CA was a site of two massive landslides within 10 years of each other. One theory for the landslide was that it was caused in part by an Avocado Farm at the top of the slope. Explain two different ways that the cultivation of avocadoes could contribute to the slides. Give 3 suggestions for what the avocado growers could do to stop future slides in the area.

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension, Application

61) La Conchita, CA has been a site of two massive landslides within 10 years of each other. Explain what caused the landslides. If you were put in charge of land planning for La Conchita, explain how you would repurpose the land that was affected by the slide? Also, explain what you would put in an education packet for current and future residents of the homes unaffected by the previous slide.

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension, Application, Evaluation

62) Urbanization is one human activity that causes landslides. Explain three reasons why urbanization contributes to the incidence of landslides. Some urban areas are already at risk for landslides, describe 2 things that can be done to minimize the risk of landslides for these areas. If you had all imaginable resources available to you, how would you solve the problem of urbanized areas susceptible to landslides?

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension, Application, Evaluation