Mastering the World of Psychology 5th Edition By Instructor’s Copy – Test Bank

Mastering the World of Psychology 5th Edition By Instructor’s Copy – Test Bank

Test Bank for Wood 5e
Chapter 10: Health and Stress

Multiple Choice

1. The physiological and psychological response to a condition that threatens or challenges a person and requires some form of adaptation or adjustment defines _____
a) an uplift.
b) motivation.
c) stress.
d) coping.
Answer: c
Skill Level: Factual
Difficulty: Easy
Page Ref: 329
Textbook LO 10.1: How does the life events approach describe stress?, APA LO 5.1a
Topic: Sources of Stress

2. Dane knows that _____ is anything that challenges him psychologically or physiologically and warrants some type of adaptation or adjustment.
a) motivation
b) stress
c) emotion
d) a stimulus motive
Answer: b Stress is anything that challenges us physiologically or psychologically and causes us to adapt or adjust.
Skill Level: Applied
Difficulty: Easy
Page Ref: 329
Textbook LO 10.1: How does the life events approach describe stress?, APA LO 5.1a
Topic: Sources of Stress

3. _____ is a response or set of responses to a condition that requires us to adjust or adapt to the perceived challenge or threat.
a) Motivation
b) Emotional reactivity
c) Burnout
d) Stress
Answer: d This is an alternate explanation of stress.
Skill Level: Conceptual
Difficulty: Moderate
Page Ref: 329
Textbook LO 10.1: How does the life events approach describe stress?, APA LO 5.1a
Topic: Sources of Stress

4. A(n) _____ is any stimulus or event capable of producing physical or emotional stress.
a) catastrophe
b) coping mechanism
c) uplift
d) stressor
Answer: d
Skill Level: Factual
Difficulty: Easy
Page Ref: 329
Textbook LO 10.1: How does the life events approach describe stress?, APA LO 5.1a
Topic: Sources of Stress

5. Bentzion and his wife just found out that their infant has a birth defect in his heart that will require heart surgery. Which of the following is the best label for the heart defect?
a) an uplift
b) a stimulus motive
c) a stressor
d) a hassle
Answer: c The heart defect is the stimulus that is producing emotional and possibly physical stress.
Skill Level: Applied
Difficulty: Moderate
Page Ref: 329
Textbook LO 10.1: How does the life events approach describe stress?, APA LO 5.1a
Topic: Sources of Stress

6. _____ is an event, thing, or occurrence that can cause us to feel challenged.
a) A stressor
b) An uplift
c) Motivation
d) Self-actualization
Answer: a This is an alternate explanation of a stressor.
Skill Level: Conceptual
Difficulty: Easy
Page Ref: 329
Textbook LO 10.1: How does the life events approach describe stress?, APA LO 5.1a
Topic: Sources of Stress

7. Of the items in the Hassles Scale shown in the Think About exercise, which of the following was scored as currently causing stress by the most students?
a) exams
b) not getting enough sleep
c) troubling thoughts about the future
d) too many things to do
Answer: c
Skill Level: Factual
Difficulty: Difficult
Page Ref: 329
Textbook LO 10.1: How does the life events approach describe stress?, APA LO 5.1a
Topic: Sources of Stress

8. Of the items in the Hassles Scale shown in the Think About exercise, which of the following was the second highest ranked item for currently causing stress by the students?
a) not enough sleep
b) being lonely
c) investing money
d) finding the right person to be with
Answer: a
Skill Level: Factual
Difficulty: Difficult
Page Ref: 329
Textbook LO 10.1: How does the life events approach describe stress?, APA LO 5.1a
Topic: Sources of Stress

9. According to the _____, a person’s state of well-being can be threatened by major life changes.
a) general adaptation syndrome
b) life events approach
c) concept of resiliency
d) approach-approach conflict
Answer: b
Skill Level: Factual
Difficulty: Easy
Page Ref: 329
Textbook LO 10.1: How does the life events approach describe stress?, APA LO 5.1a
Topic: The Life Events Approach

10. Dora has spent the majority of her career learning how major life changes affect the well-being of people. She has been successful in her career and has published volumes of research over the last 10 years. Which of the following views best describes Dora’s research?
a) the approach-avoidance conflict
b) the theory of perceived control
c) the biopsychosocial model
d) life events approach
Answer: d The definition of the life events approach actually defines Dora’s work.
Skill Level: Applied
Difficulty: Moderate
Page Ref: 329
Textbook LO 10.1: How does the life events approach describe stress?, APA LO 5.1a
Topic: The Life Events Approach

11. The _____ is Holmes and Rahe’s measure of stress, which ranks forty-three life events from most to least stressful and assigns a point value to each.
a) general adaptation syndrome
b) approach-approach theory of stress (ATS)
c) biopsychosocial model
d) Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)
Answer: d
Skill Level: Factual
Difficulty: Easy
Page Ref: 330
Textbook LO 10.1: How does the life events approach describe stress?, APA LO 5.1a
Topic: The Life Events Approach

12. The Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) was created by _____
a) Maslow.
b) Edith and Chen.
c) Selye.
d) Holmes and Rahe.
Answer: d
Skill Level: Factual
Difficulty: Moderate
Page Ref: 330
Textbook LO 10.1: How does the life events approach describe stress?, APA LO 5.1a
Topic: The Life Events Approach

13. The Social Readjustment Rating Scale is intended to _____
a) assess how individuals react to social situations.
b) summarize the strengths and weaknesses of individuals in terms of their social interactions with others.
c) give a numerical score that quantifies the amount of stress an individual has been experiencing.
d) help individuals cope with adjustments they have to make at particular points in their lives.
Answer: c The scale consists of 43 events and a point value is assigned to each in an attempt to quantify stress.
Skill Level: Conceptual
Difficulty: Difficult
Page Ref: 330
Textbook LO 10.1: How does the life events approach describe stress?, APA LO 5.1a
Topic: The Life Events Approach

14. Pedro is a psychologist. He has just given his client a checklist of 43 events to go through and has told his client to circle each event that she has experienced during the past year. When she is done, Pedro will add up the assigned point value of her experiences. This score will give him an understanding of her overall stress level and will help him predict her risk for a major health problem within the next two years. Which of the following tools is Pedro likely using with his client?
a) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
b) Catastrophic Index (CI)
c) Biopsychosocial Approach to Health and Well-being (BAHW)
d) Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)
Answer: d Pedro is obtaining a numerical score to represent his client’s overall stress exposure; this is obtained for the SRRS.
Skill Level: Applied
Difficulty: Moderate
Page Ref: 330
Textbook LO 10.1: How does the life events approach describe stress?, APA LO 5.1a
Topic: The Life Events Approach

15. Susan just lost her husband and two daughters in a tragic automobile accident. Because they had no life insurance, Susan began experiencing major financial problems and eventually lost her house. Consequently, she and her son had to move to a small apartment. Just as she thought her life was beginning to feel somewhat stable, the company she worked for announced that they were filing for bankruptcy and all of the employees would lose their jobs within the next month. The period of time from the car accident to the loss of her job was about 7 months. Based on research regarding the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS), Susan is at risk to _____
a) spiral into an unrelenting depression and start drinking alcohol to cope with her losses.
b) develop a smoking habit.
c) develop a major health problem within the next two years.
d) find a way to overcome her life circumstances.
Answer: c The SRRS correlates stress with major health problems. Scores over 300 indicate an 80% risk of developing a major health problem within 2 years. Susan’s score is well over 300.
Skill Level: Applied
Difficulty: Difficult
Page Ref: 330
Textbook LO 10.1: How does the life events approach describe stress?, APA LO 5.1a
Topic: The Life Events Approach

16. Which of the following is FALSE as it relates to the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)?
a) A score over 300 indicates an 80% risk of developing a major health problem within the next 2 years.
b) It was created by Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe.
c) The SRRS contains only negative life events.
d) Both positive and negative life events are included on the rating scale.
Answer: c
Skill Level: Factual
Difficulty: Moderate
Page Ref: 330
Textbook LO 10.1: How does the life events approach describe stress?, APA LO 5.1a
Topic: The Life Events Approach
17. Which of the following receives the highest score on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)?
a) death of a spouse
b) change in residence
c) getting fired from work
d) jail term
Answer: a
Skill Level: Factual
Difficulty: Difficult
Page Ref: 330
Textbook LO 10.1: How does the life events approach describe stress?, APA LO 5.1a
Topic: The Life Events Approach

18. Loelle has been on two tours of duty in Iraq and has directly engaged in combat. Though she has been home from the war for over a year, she is now experiencing problems concentrating, flashbacks of combat, and nightmares that severely interfere with her sleep. In an effort to quiet her mind, she has also started drinking alcohol. If Loelle goes to see a psychologist, she will likely be diagnosed with _____
a) Type A behavior pattern.
b) severe alcoholism.
c) posttraumatic stress disorder.
d) Type B behavior pattern.
Answer: c Her symptoms and history are consistent with a diagnosis of PTSD.
Skill Level: Applied
Difficulty: Moderate
Page Ref: 331
Textbook LO 10.1: How does the life events approach describe stress?, APA LO 5.1a
Topic: The Life Events Approach

19. _____ is a prolonged and severe stress reaction to a catastrophic event.
a) AIDS-related dementia
b) Posttraumatic stress disorder
c) Substance abuse
d) Major depression
Answer: b
Skill Level: Factual
Difficulty: Easy
Page Ref: 331
Textbook LO 10.1: How does the life events approach describe stress?, APA LO 5.1a
Topic: The Life Events Approach

20. Alec was in a car accident with his best friend. They were hit by a driver who was texting and smoking while trying to drive. Unfortunately, Alec’s best friend was killed in the accident. Though the accident was not their fault, Alec feels like maybe he should have been the one who died, since he was driving. Based in this information, it appears that Alec _____
a) has posttraumatic stress disorder.
b) displays the Type A behavior pattern.
c) will develop a major health problem within the next two years.
d) has survivor guilt.
Answer: d Alec has survived the catastrophic event and feels guilty because he survived while his best friend died.
Skill Level: Applied
Difficulty: Difficult
Page Ref: 331
Textbook LO 10.1: How does the life events approach describe stress?, APA LO 5.1a
Topic: The Life Events Approach

21. Jesse served in the Gulf War in the field hospital. He seemed to cope well until, during the tenth anniversary of his deployment, he had a minor car accident in which he sustained a head injury. Soon after, he began re-experiencing the horrible sights, sounds and smells from the hospital and having nightmares in which he was back trying to save critically injured patients. Which of the following is correct?
a) This is not PTSD because it happened 10 years after the catastrophic events.
b) Only if the event directly threatened him could Jesse be diagnosed with PTSD.
c) Jesse meets the criteria for PTSD, which can occur years later and for which the risk is increased when the brain is made more vulnerable.
d) Because of the head injury, the cause is not PTSD but brain damage.
Answer: c PTSD can occur years after the event(s). The risk is higher during anniversary dates of the event(s) and when the brain is vulnerable due to injury or aging.
Skill Level: Applied
Difficulty: Moderate
Page Ref: 331
Textbook LO 10.1: How does the life events approach describe stress?, APA LO 5.1a
Topic: The Life Events Approach

22. Which of the following was NOT included in the list of problems that individuals with PTSD are at greater risk for?
a) suicide
b) schizophrenia
c) depression
d) substance abuse
Answer: b
Skill Level: Factual
Difficulty: Moderate
Page Ref: 331
Textbook LO 10.1: How does the life events approach describe stress?, APA LO 5.1a
Topic: The Life Events Approach

23. Which of the following is FALSE regarding the research on posttraumatic stress disorder?
a) PTSD can cause cognitive problems.
b) Posttraumatic stress disorder can be triggered by an anniversary of the traumatic event.
c) Suicidal thoughts and behavior are sometimes associated with a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder.
d) Those with a delayed onset of posttraumatic stress disorder are likely feigning the disorder for attention and time off of work.
Answer: d
Skill Level: Factual
Difficulty: Difficult
Page Ref: 331
Textbook LO 10.1: How does the life events approach describe stress?, APA LO 5.1a
Topic: The Life Events Approach

24. Everyday _____, studied extensively by Richard Lazarus, are irritating demands that occur daily and may cause more stress than major life changes do.
a) hassles
b) coping mechanisms
c) decisions
d) physiological stress reactions
Answer: a
Skill Level: Factual
Difficulty: Moderate
Page Ref: 331
Textbook LO 10.2: What do hassles, uplifts, and choices contribute to stress?, APA LO 4.4d
Topic: Everyday Stressors

25. According to Lazarus, _____ may neutralize the effects of many everyday stressors.
a) hassles
b) money
c) uplifts
d) choices
Answer: c Uplifts are positive life experiences that often counteract stressors.
Skill Level: Conceptual
Difficulty: Moderate
Page Ref: 332
Textbook LO 10.2: What do hassles, uplifts, and choices contribute to stress?, APA LO 4.4d
Topic: Everyday Stressors

26. As Lloyd was distressed about sitting in traffic, he began to think about the adorable comments his toddler son made yesterday. Before he knew it, he found himself smiling at the thoughts of his son. Which of the following would best label Lloyd’s thoughts of his child?
a) emotions
b) primary appraisals
c) hassles
d) uplifts
Answer: d Uplifts are positive life experiences, such as thinking about a loved one, that often counteract stressors.
Skill Level: Applied
Difficulty: Moderate
Page Ref: 332
Textbook LO 10.2: What do hassles, uplifts, and choices contribute to stress?, APA LO 4.4d
Topic: Everyday Stressors

27. The _____ conflict occurs when an individual must decide between two equally desirable options.
a) approach-avoidance
b) approach-approach
c) avoidance-approach
d) avoidance-avoidance
Answer: b
Skill Level: Factual
Difficulty: Easy
Page Ref: 332
Textbook LO 10.2: What do hassles, uplifts, and choices contribute to stress?, APA LO 4.4d
Topic: Everyday Stressors

28. Brenda found out last week that she was admitted into the respiratory therapy program at a prestigious university. Just today, she received her acceptance letter into a highly regarded nursing program. Brenda now faces the _____ conflict.
a) approach-attend
b) avoidance-avoidance
c) avoidance-approach
d) approach-approach
Answer: d Both the respiratory therapy program and the nursing program are desirable options for Brenda.
Skill Level: Applied
Difficulty: Moderate
Page Ref: 332
Textbook LO 10.2: What do hassles, uplifts, and choices contribute to stress?, APA LO 4.4d
Topic: Everyday Stressors

29. The _____ conflict tends to occur when an individual must make a decision based on two undesirable options.
a) approach-attend
b) avoidance-approach
c) avoidance-avoidance
d) approach-approach
Answer: c
Skill Level: Factual
Difficulty: Easy
Page Ref: 332
Textbook LO 10.2: What do hassles, uplifts, and choices contribute to stress?, APA LO 4.4d
Topic: Everyday Stressors

30. Travis was stopped by a police officer for speeding on his way to work one day. Although he had never received a ticket in his 35 years of driving, he was written a ticket that would cost him $150 and two points on his license. He decided to fight the ticket in court based on his impeccable driving record up to that point. The judge offered him an alternative: He could pay the ticket and receive the points OR complete 250 hours of community service. Knowing that Travis had little time in his schedule, because he works 50–60 hours per week already, he was faced with the _____ conflict.
a) approach-avoidance
b) approach-approach
c) avoidance-approach
d) avoidance-avoidance
Answer: d Both the points on the license and the 250 hours of community service are undesirable.
Skill Level: Applied
Difficulty: Moderate
Page Ref: 332
Textbook LO 10.2: What do hassles, uplifts, and choices contribute to stress?, APA LO 4.4d
Topic: Everyday Stressors

31. When a decision a person is trying to make contains both desirable and undesirable features, the _____ conflict occurs.
a) approach-approach
b) avoidance-avoidance
c) approach-attend
d) approach-avoidance
Answer: d
Skill Level: Factual
Difficulty: Moderate
Page Ref: 332
Textbook LO 10.2: What do hassles, uplifts, and choices contribute to stress?, APA LO 4.4d
Topic: Everyday Stressors

32. Elsie has always wanted to work for a prestigious computer company located in sunny California. When she was offered the job, it was everything she could wish for. Then she was told that for the first two years, she would have to train in Minnesota. Elsie despises cold weather, so she is now faced with the _____ conflict.
a) approach-avoidance
b) approach-approach
c) attend-avoidance
d) approach-attend
Answer: a The job is desirable, but the location in a cold weather state is undesirable.
Skill Level: Applied
Difficulty: Moderate
Page Ref: 332
Textbook LO 10.2: What do hassles, uplifts, and choices contribute to stress?, APA LO 4.4d
Topic: Everyday Stressors

33. Wanting to attend college, but not wanting to leave your full-time job to do so, exemplifies the _____ conflict.
a) approach-approach
b) avoidance-avoidance
c) approach-attend
d) approach-avoidance
Answer: d If you want to attend college, that is viewed as desirable (approach). However, you’d have to leave your full-time job to do it, which you find undesirable (avoidance).
Skill Level: Conceptual
Difficulty: Moderate
Page Ref: 332
Textbook LO 10.2: What do hassles, uplifts, and choices contribute to stress?, APA LO 4.4d
Topic: Everyday Stressors

34. Which of the following researchers is known for his/her work on the topic of stress and the workplace?
a) Seligman
b) Lazarus
c) Albrecht
d) Kobasa
Answer: c
Skill Level: Factual
Difficulty: Difficult
Page Ref: 332
Textbook LO 10.3: What variables contribute to workers’ comfort zone?, APA LO 4.4e
Topic: Stress in the Workplace

35. Which of the following is NOT one of the workplace variables described by Albrecht (1979)?
a) task variety
b) mental challenge
c) job status
d) financial power
Answer: d
Skill Level: Factual
Difficulty: Moderate
Page Ref: 332–333
Textbook LO 10.3: What variables contribute to workers’ comfort zone?, APA LO 4.4e
Topic: Stress in the Workplace

36. Shawna finally made it big in Nashville. She never expected the lack of privacy, criticism and demands that would follow. She finds herself unable to cope. According to Albrecht’s nine variables, which one is now outside her comfort zone?
a) accountability
b) job status
c) task variety
d) workload
Answer: b Her celebrity reflects a new job status.
Skill Level: Applied
Difficulty: Difficult
Page Ref: 332
Textbook LO 10.3: What variables contribute to workers’ comfort zone?, APA LO 4.4e
Topic: Stress in the Workplace

37. Alicia is an engineer in a plant that designs military tanks, and she enjoys her work immensely. Because she is so effective at what she does, she completes her assignments in about half of the time that her supervisor allows, which leaves her bored and frustrated during much of the work week. According to Albrecht’s research on stress in the workplace, which variable is not in Alicia’s comfort zone?
a) accountability
b) job status
c) workload
d) task variety
Answer: c Having too little work to do for a large part of the week creates frustration.
Skill Level: Applied
Difficulty: Difficult
Page Ref: 332
Textbook LO 10.3: What variables contribute to workers’ comfort zone?, APA LO 4.4e
Topic: Stress in the Workplace

38. Roger’s boss evaluates him based on the satisfaction of the employees who work under Roger’s supervision. Roger’s supervisees are very unhappy because the company provides poor salary and benefits and won’t even hire a cleaning company to keep the bathrooms clean. None of this is in Roger’s control. The factor responsible for Roger’s high work stress as described in this scenario is _____
a) accountability.
b) workload.
c) human contact.
d) clarity of job description and evaluation criteria.
Answer: d
Skill Level: Factual
Difficulty: Difficult
Page Ref: 332
Textbook LO 10.3: What variables contribute to workers’ comfort zone?, APA LO 4.4e
Topic: Stress in the Workplace

39. Chester is an excellent employee at the local plastics plant. Unfortunately, he works under a strict and controlling supervisor who will not allow employees to veer from the work they were hired to do. Although Chester has some good ideas as to how to increase production while cutting costs, he feels that he cannot bring these ideas to his supervisor. This leaves Chester feeling frustrated and somewhat anxious. According to Albrecht’s research on stress in the workplace, which variable would best describe what is causing Chester’s stress at work?
a) clarity of job description and evaluation criteria
b) workload
c) human contact
d) job status
Answer: a Chester does not feel that he can take initiative or even bring his ideas to his supervisor’s attention because his job description is too rigidly defined and his supervisor won’t allow him to veer from what is stated on it.
Skill Level: Applied
Difficulty: Difficult
Page Ref: 332
Textbook LO 10.3: What variables contribute to workers’ comfort zone?, APA LO 4.4e
Topic: Stress in the Workplace

40. Which of the following of Albrecht’s workplace variables suggests that the actual layout of the work environment, temperature, and noise level are important factors in work-related stress?
a) accountability
b) physical variables
c) mental challenge
d) human contact
Answer: b
Skill Level: Factual
Difficulty: Moderate
Page Ref: 332
Textbook LO 10.3: What variables contribute to workers’ comfort zone?, APA LO 4.4e
Topic: Stress in the Workplace