Life The Essentials of Human Development Ist Edition By Gabriela Martorell – Test Bank & Answers

Life The Essentials of Human Development Ist Edition By Gabriela Martorell – Test Bank & Answers

Life: Essentials of Human Development, 1e (Martorell)
Chapter 9 Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

1) Which of the following is true about the physical development that occurs to children between ages 6 and 11?
A) The average 10-year-old girl weighs under 50 pounds.
B) The average 10-year-old boy weighs under 60 pounds.
C) They grow about 7 to 8 inches each year.
D) They double their weight during this period.

2) Chloe is a 6-year-old African American. Her mother, Teresa, notices that she grows faster than her classmates who are European American girls. Which of the following is most likely a reason for this?
A) By about age 6, African American girls have more muscle and bone mass than do European American girls.
B) By about age 6, European American girls retain more fatty tissue than do African American girls.
C) Between ages 6 and 11, African American girls tend to lose 5 to 10 pounds of body weight.
D) Between ages 6 and 12, European American girls need 1,200 to 2,000 calories a day.

3) Which of the following is true about calorie requirements in middle childhood?
A) An 8-year-old girl typically has higher calorie requirements than does an 8-year-old boy.
B) A 4-year-old boy typically has lower calorie requirements than does a 4-year-old girl.
C) Depending on activity level, a 4- to 8-year-old boy needs 800 to 1,000 calories a day.
D) Depending on activity level, a 4- to 8-year-old girl needs 1,200 to 1,800 calories a day.

4) Sleep problems, such as resistance to going to bed, insomnia, and daytime sleepiness, are common in the United States. According to Hoban (2004), which of the following is most likely the reason for this?
A) Children between ages 6 and 12 are typically restricted from watching television.
B) Sleep needs increase with age among children between ages 3 and 13.
C) Increased television viewing is typically associated with increased hours of sleep.
D) Many children, as they grow older, are allowed to set their own bedtimes.

5) In the context of brain development, which of the following is true of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology?
A) It uses X-rays that emit ionizing radiation for imaging purposes.
B) It uses positron-emission tomography (PET) and is used in combination with computed tomography (CT).
C) It typically shows that the brain consists only of gray matter.
D) It enables researchers to observe how the brain changes over time and how these changes vary from one child to another.

6) Identify a true statement about gray matter in the brain.
A) It is composed of closely packed neurons in the cerebral cortex.
B) It is made of glial cells, which provide support for neurons.
C) Its volume typically shows an S-shaped curve.
D) Its overall volume decreases prepuberty.

7) Identify a true statement about white matter in the brain.
A) It is composed of closely packed neurons in the cerebral cortex.
B) It is made of glial cells and myelinated axons.
C) Its decline is driven by a loss in the density of gray matter.
D) Its overall volume decreases prepuberty.

8) In the context of brain development, identify a true statement about gray matter volume.
A) It decreases by post-puberty.
B) It decreases prepuberty.
C) It is inversely related to gray matter density.
D) It typically shows an S-shaped curve.

9) Which of the following primarily drives the decline in the overall gray matter volume of the brain?
A) A change in the S-shaped curve of the gray matter volume
B) A decrease in the white matter volume
C) An increase in the number of glial cells in the gray matter
D) A loss in the density of gray matter

10) In the context of brain development, which of the following is a reason why a child’s brain becomes tuned to the experiences of the child?
A) Humans are born with less connections in the brain than they require, and new connections form as they grow.
B) The overall volume of gray matter decreases prepuberty and increases by post-puberty.
C) The density of gray matter typically decreases between ages 3 and 10.
D) Connections in the brain that are used remain active, and the unused connections eventually disappear.