Human Biology 15 Edition By by Sylvia Mader – Test Bank

Human Biology 15 Edition By by Sylvia Mader – Test Bank

Chapter 09: Test Bank

Student: ___________________________________________________________________________

1. Which of the following is not considered an accessory organ of the digestive system?

A. liver

B. salivary glands

C. small intestine

D. pancreas

E. gallbladder

2. Which accessory organ of the digestive system processes and stores nutrients, as well as produces bile for emulsification?

A. liver

B. gallbladder

C. pancreas

D. stomach

E. small intestine

3. The process of mechanical digestion includes

A. the breakdown of food particles by enzymes.

B. physically making food smaller and easier to handle.

C. the churning of food in the muscular stomach.

D. the hydrolysis of nutrients.

E. both B and C

4. Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?

A. to ingest food

B. to digest food into small nutrients so that the molecules can pass through membranes

C. to absorb nutrient molecules

D. to eliminate indigestible remains

E. to deliver oxygen to the body’s tissues

5. The broad band of loose connective tissue beneath the mucosa that contains blood vessels, lymph, and nerves is called the

A. mucosa.

B. submucosa.

C. muscularis.

D. serosa.

E. diverticulosis.

6. What is the correct order of the components of the digestive tract?

A. mouth, esophagus, pharynx, small intestine, stomach, large intestine, rectum, anus

B. mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, rectum, anus

C. mouth, pharynx, stomach, esophagus, small intestine, rectum, large intestine, anus

D. mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

E. mouth, rectum, large intestine, small intestine, stomach, esophagus, pharynx, anus

7. List the layers of the gastrointestinal tract wall, starting with the outer layer and moving inward.

 

8. The layers of the gastrointestinal tract wall from the inside layer outward in order are

A. submucosa, muscularis, mucosa, serosa.

B. serosa, submucosa, muscularis, mucosa.

C. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa.

D. muscularis, serosa, mucosa, submucosa.

E. mucosa, muscularis, serosa, submucosa.

9. If your appendix bursts, it may lead to a life-threatening condition called

A. peritonitis.

B. diverticulitis.

C. rickets.

D. osteoporosis.

E. cirrhosis.

10. All of the accessory organs of the digestive system send secretions to the small intestine.

True False

11. Smooth muscles in the stomach are capable of mechanical digestion.

True False

12. The fleshy extension of the soft palate is known as the

A. epiglottis.

B. uvula.

C. pharynx.

D. adenoid.

E. cecum.

13. What prevents food from entering the nasal cavities?

A. the tonsils

B. the mandible and maxilla

C. the hard and soft palates

D. the cheeks

E. the salivary glands

14. Dental caries are caused by

A. bacteria within the mouth metabolizing fatty acids.

B. yeast within the mouth metabolizing fatty acids.

C. bacteria within the mouth metabolizing proteins.

D. bacteria within the mouth metabolizing sugar.

E. enzymes within the mouth metabolizing sugar.

15. Which of the following is not found in/on the tongue?

A. muscle

B. dentin

C. taste buds

D. mucous membrane

E. sensory receptors

16. Today, physicians and dentists are concerned that gum disease is linked to _____.

A. neurological disorders

B. peritonitis

C. vitamin deficiencies

D. cardiovascular disease

E. asthma

17. Swallowing consists of both a voluntary phase and a reflex action.

True False

18. Explain the process of swallowing.

 

19. What enzyme initiates the process of starch digestion in the mouth?

A. salivary lipase

B. salivary protease

C. salivary sucrase

D. salivary amylase

E. salivary lactase

20. Mr. Staub was rushed to the hospital because he had intense pain in his chest. After running tests on Mr. Staub, doctors determined that he was not suffering from a heart attack but from

A. diverticulitis.

B. gastroesophageal reflux disease.

C. gingivitis.

D. periodontitis.

E. irritable bowel syndrome.

21. The process that pushes food through the esophagus is called

A. peritoneum.

B. periosteum.

C. peristalsis.

D. perineum.

E. periodontal.

22. Muscles that encircle tubes and act as circular valves are called

A. frenula.

B. sphincters.

C. cannula.

D. anastomoses.

E. buccinators.

23. The glottis closes off the larynx so the bolus of food enters the esophagus and not the trachea.

True False

24. The primary function of the stomach is to

A. break down fats.

B. store food, churn, and begin digestion.

C. absorb major nutrients.

D. package feces.

E. eliminate water and tissue fluid.

25. What greatly increases the capacity of the stomach?

A. crypts

B. lumens

C. polyps

D. rugae

E. diverticula

26. Which of the following is not associated with the stomach?

A. alcohol absorption

B. gastric glands

C. rugae

D. duodenum

E. pepsin

27. The thick, soupy liquid of partially digested food that leaves the stomach is called

A. bolus.

B. pepsin.

C. chyme.

D. lacteal.

E. lipase.

28. The stomach is bounded on both ends by a sphincter.

True False

29. The small intestine is longer than the large intestine.

True False

30. Which of the enzyme-substrate pairings is not correct?

A. nuclease-DNA

B. lipase-fat

C. pepsin-protein

D. amylase-starch

E. trypsin-carbohydrates

31. Pepsin is an enzyme that digests proteins at acidic pH. Therefore, it must act in the

A. stomach.

B. small intestine.

C. mouth.

D. large intestine.

E. esophagus.

32. Which of the following is not associated with the small intestine?

A. many villi

B. gastric pits

C. brush border enzymes

D. lacteals

E. bile and lipase

33. What serves as an emulsifying agent for fats in the small intestine?

A. lipase

B. bile

C. amylase

D. pepsin

E. maltase

34. The small lymphatic capillaries that reside in the small intestine and absorb fats are known as

A. mesenteries.

B. lacteals.

C. gastric glands.

D. duodenal pits.

E. microvilli.

35. The main symptoms of lactose intolerance are

A. internal bleeding and headaches.

B. dehydration and itching.

C. diarrhea and itching.

D. diarrhea and bloating.

E. shortness of breath and bloating.

36. When Sheree opens the abdominal cavity of her preserved frog, the first thing she notices is a large, prominent, dark brown organ. This is the

A. liver.

B. pancreas.

C. gallbladder.

D. stomach.

E. large intestine.

37. List the functions of the liver.

 

38. Which of the following is not produced by the pancreas?

A. bile

B. sodium bicarbonate

C. amylase

D. trypsin

E. lipase

39. Why is the pancreas both an endocrine and an exocrine gland?

A. It secretes bile through the pancreatic duct and insulin into the blood.

B. It secretes insulin through the pancreatic duct and bile into the blood.

C. It secretes secretin through the pancreatic duct and insulin into the blood.

D. It secretes pancreatic juice through the pancreatic duct and insulin into the blood.

E. It secretes insulin through the pancreatic duct and secretin into the blood.

40. Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

A. It helps regulate blood cholesterol levels.

B. It secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine.

C. It removes iron and certain vitamins from the blood and stores them.

D. It removes poisonous substances from the blood and detoxifies them.

E. It produces bile.

41. A serious genetic disorder known as hemochromatosis is often called the rusty organ disease and affects nearly 1.5 million Americans. The disorder causes increased absorption of intestinal iron. Which organ is responsible for iron homeostasis?

A. brain

B. lungs

C. liver

D. gallbladder

E. spleen

42. Why is bile a yellowish-green color?

A. It contains pancreatic juices.

B. It contains bilirubin.

C. It contains biliverdin.

D. It contains chlorophyll.

E. It contains cholesterol.

43. The gallbladder produces bile.

True False

44. What type of hepatitis is usually transmitted through blood transfusions or sexual contact?

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

E. E

45. Which of the following is a digestive hormone that causes the gallbladder to release stored bile?

A. GIP

B. CCK

C. HCl

D. ATP

E. NAD

46. The secretions of digestive juices are controlled by the nervous system, as well as by digestive hormones.

True False

47. The stomach produces a hormone that feeds back and acts on the stomach.

True False

48. The portions of the large intestine include

A. the duodenum, cecum, and rectum.

B. the jejunum, colon, and anus.

C. the cecum, colon, rectum, and anus.

D. the colon, duodenum, cecum, and rectum.

E. the colon, anus, duodenum, and jejunum.

49. What is the major function of the colon?

A. to digest/absorb

B. to form feces

C. to churn food

D. to serve as a passageway only

E. to eliminate iron

50. What is one benefit of normal flora in the large intestine?

A. They absorb iron.

B. They absorb fats.

C. They produce vitamin B.

D. They produce bile.

E. They absorb water.

51. Recent studies of an oyster-rich bay indicated a high coliform count. What should the fisheries’officers do?

A. Nothing. A high coliform count is normal.

B. Nothing. A high coliform count is good for oyster production.

C. Shut down the bay. A high coliform count is harmful to humans who eat the oysters.

D. Shut down the bay. A high coliform count is harmful to the oysters.

E. Nothing. A high coliform count is beneficial to humans who eat the oysters.

52. Small growths arising from the epithelial lining of the colon are called

A. cysts.

B. villi.

C. polyps.

D. lacteals.

E. wheals.

53. What is the relationship between Crohn’s disease and inflammatory bowel disease?

A. Crohn’s disease is one of the most common inflammatory bowel diseases.

B. Inflammatory bowel disease is a type of Crohn’s disease.

C. They are two separate diseases, but both affect only the colon.

D. Crohn’s disease affects the colon, but inflammatory bowel disease affects the small intestine.

E. In Crohn’s disease, small pouches form in the muscularis, while in inflammatory bowel disease, inflammation occurs throughout the digestive tract.

54. According to the body mass index (BMI) chart, a healthy BMI is

A. between 18.5 and 24.9.

B. between 25 and 29.9.

C. 30 or higher.

D. 40 or higher.

E. 50 or higher.

55. Constipation can be treated by adding fiber to the diet.

True False

56. Today, obesity is often defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of 20 or greater.

True False

57. Body mass index (BMI) is useful because it gives you an idea of how much of your weight is due to adipose tissue.

True False

58. Why is it necessary to include some carbohydrates in the diet?

A. Carbohydrates are considered a “complete” nutrient.

B. Some carbohydrates contain essential fatty acids.

C. Some carbohydrates contain essential amino acids.

D. Carbohydrates are the only source of energy for the body.

E. The carbohydrate cellulose (fiber) is essential for good health.

59. Which of the following will not reduce dietary lipids?

A. removing skin from poultry

B. broiling rather than frying

C. cooking with butter instead of herbs and spices

D. using lemon juice instead of salad dressing

E. avoiding packaged foods that contain hydrogenated fats

60. Chad was concerned about eating foods with a high glycemic index because these foods

A. can cause LDL levels to increase.

B. can cause HDL levels to decrease.

C. can cause fatty acids to build up.

D. can cause a rapid increase in blood glucose.

E. can cause a sudden drop in blood glucose levels.

61. Which of the following is necessary for strong bones and teeth, nerve conduction, muscle contraction, and blood clotting?

A. calcium

B. iron

C. magnesium

D. sodium

E. sulfur

62. A diet rich in which vitamins may reduce the risk of free radicals that can cause health problems?

A. C and B12

B. C, E, and A

C. D and C

D. D, C, and E
E. B12, C, and E

63. A deficiency in which mineral leads to thyroid deficiency?

A. iodine

B. copper

C. zinc

D. selenium

E. manganese

64. Which vitamin is fat soluble?

A. vitamin C

B. vitamin E
C. vitamin B6

D. vitamin B12
E. biotin

65. When a nutrition label says a food product has 0 grams of trans fat, this might not mean there are no trans fats in the food.

True False

66. About 90% of people suffering from anorexia nervosa are

A. young men.

B. older women.

C. young women.

D. older men.

E. senior citizens.

Chapter 09: Test Bank Key

1. Which of the following is not considered an accessory organ of the digestive system?

A. liver

B. salivary glands

C. small intestine

D. pancreas

E. gallbladder

The small intestine is part of the digestive system, not an accessory organ of it.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 09.01.02 List the accessory organs and name a function for each.

Section: 09.01

Topic: Human Digestive System

2. Which accessory organ of the digestive system processes and stores nutrients, as well as produces bile for emulsification?

A. liver

B. gallbladder

C. pancreas

D. stomach

E. small intestine

The liver processes and stores nutrients, as well as produces bile for emulsification. The gallbladder stores the bile and sends it to the small intestine. The pancreas produces pancreatic juices and insulin. The stomach secretes acid and digestive enzymes, as well as absorbs nutrients. The small intestine mixes chyme with digestive enzymes, absorbs nutrients, and secretes digestive enzymes into the blood.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 09.01.02 List the accessory organs and name a function for each.

Section: 09.01

Topic: Human Digestive System

3. The process of mechanical digestion includes

A. the breakdown of food particles by enzymes.

B. physically making food smaller and easier to handle.

C. the churning of food in the muscular stomach.

D. the hydrolysis of nutrients.

E. both B and C

The process of mechanical digestion includes physically making food smaller and easier to handle through the churning of food.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 09.01.01 State the function of each organ of the gastrointestinal tract.

Section: 09.01

Topic: Human Digestive System

4. Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?

A. to ingest food

B. to digest food into small nutrients so that the molecules can pass through membranes

C. to absorb nutrient molecules

D. to eliminate indigestible remains

E. to deliver oxygen to the body’s tissues

The circulatory and respiratory systems are responsible for delivering oxygen to the body’s tissues.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 09.01.01 State the function of each organ of the gastrointestinal tract.

Section: 09.01

Topic: Digestive System

5. The broad band of loose connective tissue beneath the mucosa that contains blood vessels, lymph, and nerves is called the

A. mucosa.

B. submucosa.

C. muscularis.

D. serosa.

E. diverticulosis.

The broad band of loose connective tissue beneath the mucosa that contains blood vessels, lymph, and nerves is called the submucosa.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 09.01.03 Describe the structure of the gastrointestinal tract wall.

Section: 09.01

Topic: Human Digestive System

6. What is the correct order of the components of the digestive tract?

A. mouth, esophagus, pharynx, small intestine, stomach, large intestine, rectum, anus

B. mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, rectum, anus

C. mouth, pharynx, stomach, esophagus, small intestine, rectum, large intestine, anus

D. mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

E. mouth, rectum, large intestine, small intestine, stomach, esophagus, pharynx, anus

The digestive system begins at the mouth and includes the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus.

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 09.01.01 State the function of each organ of the gastrointestinal tract.

Section: 09.01

Topic: Human Digestive System

7. List the layers of the gastrointestinal tract wall, starting with the outer layer and moving inward.

The outermost layer is the serosa layer, which is the visceral peritoneum.

The next layer is the muscularis, which consists of two layers of smooth muscle.

The third layer is the submucosa, which is a broad band of loose connective tissue that contains nerves, blood, and lymphatic vessels.

The innermost layer is the mucosa.

Blooms Level: 6. Create

Learning Outcome: 09.01.03 Describe the structure of the gastrointestinal tract wall.

Section: 09.01

Topic: Human Digestive System

8. The layers of the gastrointestinal tract wall from the inside layer outward in order are

A. submucosa, muscularis, mucosa, serosa.

B. serosa, submucosa, muscularis, mucosa.

C. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa.

D. muscularis, serosa, mucosa, submucosa.

E. mucosa, muscularis, serosa, submucosa.

The layers of the gastrointestinal tract wall from the inside layer outward are the mucosa, the submucosa, the muscularis, and the serosa.

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 09.01.03 Describe the structure of the gastrointestinal tract wall.

Section: 09.01

Topic: Human Digestive System

9. If your appendix bursts, it may lead to a life-threatening condition called

A. peritonitis.

B. diverticulitis.

C. rickets.

D. osteoporosis.

E. cirrhosis.

A burst appendix may lead to a life-threatening condition called peritonitis.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 09.05.02 List the disorders of the large intestine and provide a cause for each.

Section: 09.05

Topic: Human Digestive System

10. All of the accessory organs of the digestive system send secretions to the small intestine.

FALSE

Only the gallbladder and pancreas send secretions to the small intestine.

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 09.04.01 Explain the functions of the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder during digestion.

Section: 09.04

Topic: Human Digestive System

11. Smooth muscles in the stomach are capable of mechanical digestion.

TRUE

Mechanical digestion occurs in the mouth by chewing and in the stomach by peristalsis of the stomach’s smooth muscles.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 09.01.01 State the function of each organ of the gastrointestinal tract.

Section: 09.01

Topic: Human Digestive System

12. The fleshy extension of the soft palate is known as the

A. epiglottis.

B. uvula.

C. pharynx.

D. adenoid.

E. cecum.

The uvula is the fleshy extension of the soft palate.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 09.02.01 Identify the structures of the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus and provide a function for each.

Section: 09.02 Topic: Human Digestive System

13. What prevents food from entering the nasal cavities?

A. the tonsils

B. the mandible and maxilla

C. the hard and soft palates

D. the cheeks

E. the salivary glands

The roof of the mouth, composed of the hard and soft palates, separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavities.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 09.02.01 Identify the structures of the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus and provide a function for each.

Section: 09.02 Topic: Human Digestive System

14. Dental caries are caused by

A. bacteria within the mouth metabolizing fatty acids.

B. yeast within the mouth metabolizing fatty acids.

C. bacteria within the mouth metabolizing proteins.

D. bacteria within the mouth metabolizing sugar.

E. enzymes within the mouth metabolizing sugar.

Dental caries or cavities occur when bacteria within the mouth metabolize sugar.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 09.02.03 Summarize the diseases and conditions associated with the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus.
Section: 09.02 Topic: Human Digestive System

15. Which of the following is not found in/on the tongue?

A. muscle

B. dentin

C. taste buds

D. mucous membrane

E. sensory receptors

Dentin is found in teeth, not the tongue.

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze Learning Outcome: 09.02.01 Identify the structures of the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus and provide a function for each.

Section: 09.02 Topic: Human Digestive System

16. Today, physicians and dentists are concerned that gum disease is linked to _____.

A. neurological disorders

B. peritonitis

C. vitamin deficiencies

D. cardiovascular disease E. asthma

Today, physicians and dentists are concerned that gum disease is linked to cardiovascular disease.

Blooms Level: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 09.02.03 Summarize the diseases and conditions associated with the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus.
Section: 09.02 Topic: Human Digestive System

17. Swallowing consists of both a voluntary phase and a reflex action.

TRUE

Swallowing has a voluntary phase. However, once food or drink is pushed back far enough, swallowing becomes a reflex action.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 09.02.02 Explain the series of events involved in swallowing.

Section: 09.02

Topic: Human Digestive System

18. Explain the process of swallowing.

Swallowing starts with a voluntary phase in which the tongue pushes food against the soft palate. The soft palate closes off the nasal cavity, and the epiglottis closes off the larynx so the food enters the esophagus. Peristalsis moves the food through a sphincter into the stomach.

Blooms Level: 6. Create

Learning Outcome: 09.02.02 Explain the series of events involved in swallowing.

Section: 09.02

Topic: Human Digestive System

19. What enzyme initiates the process of starch digestion in the mouth?

A. salivary lipase

B. salivary protease

C. salivary sucrase

D. salivary amylase

E. salivary lactase

Salivary amylase initiates the process of starch digestion.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 09.02.01 Identify the structures of the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus and provide a function for each.

Section: 09.02 Topic: Digestive Enzymes

20. Mr. Staub was rushed to the hospital because he had intense pain in his chest. After running tests on Mr. Staub, doctors determined that he was not suffering from a heart attack but from

A. diverticulitis.

B. gastroesophageal reflux disease.

C. gingivitis.

D. periodontitis.

E. irritable bowel syndrome.

GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) can also cause intense chest pain.

Blooms Level: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 09.02.03 Summarize the diseases and conditions associated with the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus.
Section: 09.02 Topic: Human Digestive System

21. The process that pushes food through the esophagus is called

A. peritoneum.

B. periosteum.

C. peristalsis.

D. perineum.

E. periodontal.

The rhythmic contractions of the digestive tract that allow movement of food is called peristalsis.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 09.02.02 Explain the series of events involved in swallowing.

Section: 09.02

Topic: Human Digestive System

22. Muscles that encircle tubes and act as circular valves are called

A. frenula.

B. sphincters.

C. cannula.

D. anastomoses.

E. buccinators.

Muscles that encircle tubes and act as circular valves are called sphincters.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 09.02.02 Explain the series of events involved in swallowing.

Section: 09.02

Topic: Human Digestive System

23. The glottis closes off the larynx so the bolus of food enters the esophagus and not the trachea.

FALSE

The epiglottis closes off the larynx.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 09.02.02 Explain the series of events involved in swallowing.

Section: 09.02

Topic: Human Digestive System
24. The primary function of the stomach is to

A. break down fats.

B. store food, churn, and begin digestion.

C. absorb major nutrients.

D. package feces.

E. eliminate water and tissue fluid.

The primary function of the stomach is to store food, churn, and begin digestion.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 09.03.01 Describe the structure of the stomach and explain its role in digestion.

Section: 09.03

Topic: Human Digestive System

25. What greatly increases the capacity of the stomach?

A. crypts

B. lumens

C. polyps

D. rugae

E. diverticula

The mucosa of the stomach has deep folds called rugae that greatly increase the capacity of the stomach.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 09.03.01 Describe the structure of the stomach and explain its role in digestion.

Section: 09.03

Topic: Human Digestive System

26. Which of the following is not associated with the stomach?

A. alcohol absorption

B. gastric glands

C. rugae
D. duodenum

E. pepsin

The duodenum is part of the small intestine, not the stomach.

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 09.03.01 Describe the structure of the stomach and explain its role in digestion.

Section: 09.03

Topic: Human Digestive System

27. The thick, soupy liquid of partially digested food that leaves the stomach is called

A. bolus.

B. pepsin.

C. chyme.

D. lacteal.

E. lipase.

The thick, soupy liquid of partially digested food that leaves the stomach is called chyme.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 09.03.01 Describe the structure of the stomach and explain its role in digestion.

Section: 09.03

Topic: Human Digestive System

28. The stomach is bounded on both ends by a sphincter.
TRUE

The lower gastroesophageal sphincter and the pyloric sphincter are found at either end of the stomach.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 09.03.01 Describe the structure of the stomach and explain its role in digestion.

Section: 09.03

Topic: Human Digestive System

29. The small intestine is longer than the large intestine.

TRUE

The small intestine is about 18 feet in length, while the large intestine is only about 4.5 feet in length.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 09.03.02 Describe the structure of the small intestine and explain its role in digestion.

Section: 09.03

Topic: Human Digestive System

30. Which of the enzyme-substrate pairings is not correct?

A. nuclease-DNA

B. lipase-fat

C. pepsin-protein

D. amylase-starch

E. trypsin-carbohydrates

Trypsin is an enzyme secreted by the pancreas that digests protein.

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze Learning Outcome: 09.03.03 Explain how carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are processed by the small intestine.

Section: 09.03 Topic: Digestive Enzymes

31. Pepsin is an enzyme that digests proteins at acidic pH. Therefore, it must act in the

A. stomach.

B. small intestine.

C. mouth.

D. large intestine.

E. esophagus.

Pepsin acts in the stomach.

Blooms Level: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 09.03.01 Describe the structure of the stomach and explain its role in digestion.

Section: 09.03

Topic: Digestive Enzymes

32. Which of the following is not associated with the small intestine?

A. many villi

B. gastric pits

C. brush border enzymes

D. lacteals

E. bile and lipase

Gastric pits are located in the stomach.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 09.03.02 Describe the structure of the small intestine and explain its role in digestion.

Section: 09.03

Topic: Human Digestive System

33. What serves as an emulsifying agent for fats in the small intestine?

A. lipase

B. bile

C. amylase

D. pepsin

E. maltase

In the small intestine, bile serves as an emulsifying agent for fats. Lipase hydrolyzes fats. Amylase digests starch in the mouth. Pepsin digests protein. Maltase digests carbohydrates.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 09.03.03 Explain how carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are processed by the small intestine.
Section: 09.03 Topic: Digestive Enzymes

34. The small lymphatic capillaries that reside in the small intestine and absorb fats are known as

A. mesenteries.

B. lacteals.

C. gastric glands.

D. duodenal pits.

E. microvilli.

The small lymphatic capillaries that reside in the small intestine and absorb fats are known as lacteals.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 09.03.02 Describe the structure of the small intestine and explain its role in digestion.

Section: 09.03

Topic: Human Digestive System

35. The main symptoms of lactose intolerance are

A. internal bleeding and headaches.

B. dehydration and itching.

C. diarrhea and itching.

D. diarrhea and bloating.

E. shortness of breath and bloating.

Lactose intolerance may cause diarrhea and bloating.

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze Learning Outcome: 09.03.03 Explain how carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are processed by the small intestine.

Section: 09.03 Topic: Digestive Enzymes

36. When Sheree opens the abdominal cavity of her preserved frog, the first thing she notices is a large, prominent, dark brown organ. This is the

A. liver.

B. pancreas.

C. gallbladder.

D. stomach.

E. large intestine.

The largest gland in the body is the liver. It lies in the abdominal cavity.

Blooms Level: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 09.04.01 Explain the functions of the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder during digestion.

Section: 09.04

Topic: Digestive System

37. List the functions of the liver.

1. Destroys old red blood cells.

2. Detoxifies the blood.
3. Stores iron (Fe2+).
4. Makes plasma proteins.

5. Stores glucose as glycogen.

6. Produces urea.

7. Helps regulate blood cholesterol level.

Blooms Level: 6. Create

Learning Outcome: 09.04.01 Explain the functions of the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder during digestion.

Section: 09.04

Topic: Human Digestive System

38. Which of the following is not produced by the pancreas?

A. bile

B. sodium bicarbonate

C. amylase

D. trypsin

E. lipase

The pancreas secretes all of these but bile.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 09.04.02 List the secretions of the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.

Section: 09.04

Topic: Digestive System
39. Why is the pancreas both an endocrine and an exocrine gland?

A. It secretes bile through the pancreatic duct and insulin into the blood.

B. It secretes insulin through the pancreatic duct and bile into the blood.

C. It secretes secretin through the pancreatic duct and insulin into the blood.

D. It secretes pancreatic juice through the pancreatic duct and insulin into the blood. E. It secretes insulin through the pancreatic duct and secretin into the blood.

As an exocrine gland, the pancreas secretes pancreatic juice through the pancreatic duct. As an endocrine gland, it secretes insulin into the blood.

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 09.04.01 Explain the functions of the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder during digestion.

Section: 09.04

Topic: Human Digestive System

40. Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

A. It helps regulate blood cholesterol levels.

B. It secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine.

C. It removes iron and certain vitamins from the blood and stores them.

D. It removes poisonous substances from the blood and detoxifies them.

E. It produces bile.

The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 09.04.01 Explain the functions of the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder during digestion.

Section: 09.04

Topic: Human Digestive System

41. A serious genetic disorder known as hemochromatosis is often called the rusty organ disease and affects nearly 1.5 million Americans. The disorder causes increased absorption of intestinal iron. Which organ is responsible for iron homeostasis?

A. brain

B. lungs

C. liver

D. gallbladder

E. spleen

The liver is responsible for iron homeostasis and removes iron from the blood, thus it is affected by hemochromatosis.

Blooms Level: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 09.04.01 Explain the functions of the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder during digestion.

Section: 09.04

Topic: Human Digestive System

42. Why is bile a yellowish-green color?

A. It contains pancreatic juices.

B. It contains bilirubin.

C. It contains biliverdin.

D. It contains chlorophyll.

E. It contains cholesterol.

The yellowish-green color of bile is primarily due to the presence of bilirubin.

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 09.04.02 List the secretions of the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.

Section: 09.04

Topic: Human Digestive System

43. The gallbladder produces bile.

FALSE

The liver produces bile, which is then stored in the gallbladder.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 09.04.02 List the secretions of the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.

Section: 09.04

Topic: Human Digestive System

44. What type of hepatitis is usually transmitted through blood transfusions or sexual contact?

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

E. E

Hepatitis B is transmitted via sexual contact, blood transfusions, or contaminated needles.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 09.04.01 Explain the functions of the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder during digestion.

Section: 09.04

Topic: Human Digestive System

45. Which of the following is a digestive hormone that causes the gallbladder to release stored bile?

A. GIP

B. CCK

C. HCl

D. ATP

E. NAD

CCK, or cholecystokinin, causes the gallbladder to release stored bile.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 09.04.03 Summarize how secretions of the accessory organs are regulated.
Section: 09.04

Topic: Human Digestive System

46. The secretions of digestive juices are controlled by the nervous system, as well as by digestive hormones.

TRUE

The parasympathetic nervous system, along with digestive hormones, stimulates gastric secretions.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 09.04.03 Summarize how secretions of the accessory organs are regulated.

Section: 09.04

Topic: Human Digestive System

47. The stomach produces a hormone that feeds back and acts on the stomach.

TRUE

The lower stomach produces the hormone gastrin, which feeds back to stimulate the upper part of the stomach to produce digestive juice.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 09.04.03 Summarize how secretions of the accessory organs are regulated.

Section: 09.04

Topic: Digestive System

48. The portions of the large intestine include

A. the duodenum, cecum, and rectum.

B. the jejunum, colon, and anus.

C. the cecum, colon, rectum, and anus.

D. the colon, duodenum, cecum, and rectum.

E. the colon, anus, duodenum, and jejunum.

The large intestine includes the cecum, colon, rectum, and anus.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 09.05.01 Describe the structure and function of the large intestine.

Section: 09.05
Topic: Human Digestive System

49. What is the major function of the colon?

A. to digest/absorb

B. to form feces

C. to churn food

D. to serve as a passageway only

E. to eliminate iron

The major function of the colon is to form feces.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 09.05.01 Describe the structure and function of the large intestine.

Section: 09.05

Topic: Human Digestive System

50. What is one benefit of normal flora in the large intestine?

A. They absorb iron.

B. They absorb fats.

C. They produce vitamin B.

D. They produce bile.

E. They absorb water.

Resident bacteria in the large intestine serve to produce vitamin B, as well as vitamin K, and to break down indigestible material.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 09.05.01 Describe the structure and function of the large intestine.

Section: 09.05

Topic: Human Digestive System

51. Recent studies of an oyster-rich bay indicated a high coliform count. What should the fisheries’officers do?

A. Nothing. A high coliform count is normal.

B. Nothing. A high coliform count is good for oyster production.

C. Shut down the bay. A high coliform count is harmful to humans who eat the oysters.

D. Shut down the bay. A high coliform count is harmful to the oysters.

E. Nothing. A high coliform count is beneficial to humans who eat the oysters.

The officers should shut down the bay because a high coliform count indicates fecal contamination of the water, which could be harmful to people eating the oysters.

Blooms Level: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 09.05.02 List the disorders of the large intestine and provide a cause for each.

Section: 09.05

Topic: Digestive System

52. Small growths arising from the epithelial lining of the colon are called

A. cysts.

B. villi.

C. polyps.

D. lacteals.

E. wheals.

Polyps are small growths arising from the epithelial lining of the colon.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 09.05.02 List the disorders of the large intestine and provide a cause for each.

Section: 09.05

Topic: Human Digestive System

53. What is the relationship between Crohn’s disease and inflammatory bowel disease?

A. Crohn’s disease is one of the most common inflammatory bowel diseases.

B. Inflammatory bowel disease is a type of Crohn’s disease.

C. They are two separate diseases, but both affect only the colon.

D. Crohn’s disease affects the colon, but inflammatory bowel disease affects the small intestine.

E. In Crohn’s disease, small pouches form in the muscularis, while in inflammatory bowel disease, inflammation occurs throughout the digestive tract.

Crohn’s disease is one of the most common inflammatory bowel diseases.

Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate

Learning Outcome: 09.05.02 List the disorders of the large intestine and provide a cause for each.

Section: 09.05

Topic: Human Digestive System

54. According to the body mass index (BMI) chart, a healthy BMI is

A. between 18.5 and 24.9.

B. between 25 and 29.9.

C. 30 or higher.

D. 40 or higher.

E. 50 or higher.

A healthy BMI is between 18.5 and 24.9. A BMI in the range of 25 to 29.9 is considered an overweight BMI. A BMI of 30 or higher is considered an obese BMI. A BMI of 40 or higher is considered a morbidly obese BMI. A BMI of 50 or higher is not measured on the BMI chart.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.06.01 Calculate a BMI value and interpret its relationship to your overall health.

Section: 09.06

Topic: Human Nutrition

55. Constipation can be treated by adding fiber to the diet.

TRUE

Diets that lack sufficient fiber (found mostly in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains) can lead to constipation. Bulk laxatives, containing fiber, can help ease constipation.

Blooms Level: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 09.05.02 List the disorders of the large intestine and provide a cause for each.

Section: 09.05

Topic: Human Nutrition

56. Today, obesity is often defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of 20 or greater.

FALSE

The body mass index for obesity is 30 or greater.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 09.06.01 Calculate a BMI value and interpret its relationship to your overall health.

Section: 09.06

Topic: Human Nutrition

57. Body mass index (BMI) is useful because it gives you an idea of how much of your weight is due to adipose tissue.

TRUE

BMI gives you an idea of how much of your weight is due to adipose tissue.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 09.06.01 Calculate a BMI value and interpret its relationship to your overall health.

Section: 09.06

Topic: Human Nutrition

58. Why is it necessary to include some carbohydrates in the diet?

A. Carbohydrates are considered a “complete” nutrient.

B. Some carbohydrates contain essential fatty acids.

C. Some carbohydrates contain essential amino acids.

D. Carbohydrates are the only source of energy for the body.

E. The carbohydrate cellulose (fiber) is essential for good health.

The carbohydrate cellulose is dietary fiber. Fiber is essential for good health.

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 09.06.02 Identify the role of each class of nutrient in the human body.

Section: 09.06

Topic: Human Nutrition

59. Which of the following will not reduce dietary lipids?

A. removing skin from poultry

B. broiling rather than frying

C. cooking with butter instead of herbs and spices

D. using lemon juice instead of salad dressing

E. avoiding packaged foods that contain hydrogenated fats

Using butter instead of herbs and spices is not recommended for reducing dietary lipids.

Blooms Level: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 09.06.02 Identify the role of each class of nutrient in the human body.

Section: 09.06

Topic: Human Nutrition

60. Chad was concerned about eating foods with a high glycemic index because these foods

A. can cause LDL levels to increase.

B. can cause HDL levels to decrease.

C. can cause fatty acids to build up.
D. can cause a rapid increase in blood glucose.

E. can cause a sudden drop in blood glucose levels.

Eating foods with a high glycemic index can cause a rapid increase in blood glucose.

Blooms Level: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 09.06.02 Identify the role of each class of nutrient in the human body.

Section: 09.06

Topic: Human Nutrition

61. Which of the following is necessary for strong bones and teeth, nerve conduction, muscle contraction, and blood clotting?

A. calcium

B. iron

C. magnesium

D. sodium

E. sulfur

Calcium is important for all of these.

Blooms Level: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 09.06.02 Identify the role of each class of nutrient in the human body.

Section: 09.06

Topic: Human Nutrition

62. A diet rich in which vitamins may reduce the risk of free radicals that can cause health problems?

A. C and B12
B. C, E, and A

C. D and C

D. D, C, and E
E. B12, C, and E

Vitamins C, E, and A are believed to defend the body against free radicals and are therefore termed antioxidants.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 09.06.02 Identify the role of each class of nutrient in the human body.

Section: 09.06

Topic: Human Nutrition

63. A deficiency in which mineral leads to thyroid deficiency?

A. iodine

B. copper

C. zinc

D. selenium

E. manganese

Iodine is required for thyroid hormone synthesis, and too little of it results in thyroid deficiency.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 09.06.02 Identify the role of each class of nutrient in the human body.

Section: 09.06

Topic: Human Nutrition

64. Which vitamin is fat soluble?

A. vitamin C

B. vitamin E
C. vitamin B6
D. vitamin B12
E. biotin

Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 09.06.02 Identify the role of each class of nutrient in the human body.

Section: 09.06

Topic: Human Nutrition

65. When a nutrition label says a food product has 0 grams of trans fat, this might not mean there are no trans fats in the food.

TRUE

If the amount of trans fats is less than 0.5 grams per serving, it can be listed on the label as “trans fat free,” even though there are some trans fats present.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 09.06.02 Identify the role of each class of nutrient in the human body.

Section: 09.06

Topic: Human Nutrition

66. About 90% of people suffering from anorexia nervosa are

A. young men.

B. older women.

C. young women.

D. older men.

E. senior citizens.

Young women are most affected by anorexia nervosa.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 09.06.02 Identify the role of each class of nutrient in the human body.

Section: 09.06

Topic: Human Nutrition

Chapter 09: Test Bank Summary

Category # of Questions
Blooms Level: 1. Remember 18
Blooms Level: 2. Understand 24
Blooms Level: 3. Apply 11
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze 9
Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate 1
Blooms Level: 6. Create 3
Learning Outcome: 09.01.01 State the function of each organ of the gastrointestinal tract. 4
Learning Outcome: 09.01.02 List the accessory organs and name a function for each. 2
Learning Outcome: 09.01.03 Describe the structure of the gastrointestinal tract wall. 3
Learning Outcome: 09.02.01 Identify the structures of the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus and provide a function for 4
each.
Learning Outcome: 09.02.02 Explain the series of events involved in swallowing. 5
Learning Outcome: 09.02.03 Summarize the diseases and conditions associated with the mouth, pharynx, and esoph 3
agus.
Learning Outcome: 09.03.01 Describe the structure of the stomach and explain its role in digestion. 6
Learning Outcome: 09.03.02 Describe the structure of the small intestine and explain its role in digestion. 3
Learning Outcome: 09.03.03 Explain how carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are processed by the small intestine. 3
Learning Outcome: 09.04.01 Explain the functions of the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder during digestion. 7
Learning Outcome: 09.04.02 List the secretions of the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder. 3
Learning Outcome: 09.04.03 Summarize how secretions of the accessory organs are regulated. 3
Learning Outcome: 09.05.01 Describe the structure and function of the large intestine. 3
Learning Outcome: 09.05.02 List the disorders of the large intestine and provide a cause for each. 5
Learning Outcome: 09.06.01 Calculate a BMI value and interpret its relationship to your overall health. 3
Learning Outcome: 09.06.02 Identify the role of each class of nutrient in the human body. 9
Section: 09.01 9
Section: 09.02 12
Section: 09.03 12
Section: 09.04 13
Section: 09.05 8
Section: 09.06 12
Topic: Digestive Enzymes 5
Topic: Digestive System 5
Topic: Human Digestive System 43
Topic: Human Nutrition 13