Government in America People Politics And Policy 16th Edition by George C. Edwards – Test Bank

Government in America People Politics And Policy 16th Edition by George C. Edwards – Test Bank

Test Bank for Government in America People, Politics, and Policy 2012 Election Edition

Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montréal Delhi Mexico City São Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Test Bank to accompany Government in America: People, Politics, and Policy, 2012 Election Edition by George C. Edwards III, Martin P. Wattenberg, Robert L. Lineberry Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Instructors may reproduce portions of this book for classroom use only. All other reproductions are strictly prohibited without prior permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10——11 10 09 08 ISBN-10: 0-205-95666-1 ISBN-13: 978-0-20595666-1

Table of Contents

How to Use This Test Bank viii Chapter 1 Introducing Government in America 1  Multiple-Choice Questions 1  True-False Questions 10  Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 11  Short Answer Questions 13  Essay Questions 15 Chapter 2 The Constitution 18  Multiple-Choice Questions 18  True-False Questions 37  Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 41  Short Answer Questions 44  Essay Questions 49 Chapter 3 Federalism 52  Multiple-Choice Questions 52  True-False Questions 72  Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 75  Short Answer Questions 78  Essay Questions 83 Chapter 4 Civil Liberties and Public Policy 86  Multiple-Choice Questions 86  True-False Questions 106  Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 109  Short Answer Questions 112  Essay Questions 116 Chapter 5 Civil Rights and Public Policy 119  Multiple-Choice Questions 119  True-False Questions 140  Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 143  Short Answer Questions 146  Essay Questions 154 Chapter 6 Public Opinion and Political Action 159  Multiple-Choice Questions 159  True-False Questions 181  Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 184  Short Answer Questions 187  Essay Questions 193 Chapter 7 The Mass Media and the Political Agenda 196  Multiple-Choice Questions 196  True-False Questions 216  Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 219  Short Answer Questions 223  Essay Questions 228 Chapter 8 Political Parties 232  Multiple-Choice Questions 232  True-False Questions 252  Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 255  Short Answer Questions 259  Essay Questions 264 Chapter 9 Campaigns and Voting Behavior 267  Multiple-Choice Questions 267  True-False Questions 287  Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 290  Short Answer Questions 293  Essay Questions 299 Chapter 10 Interest Groups 304  Multiple-Choice Questions 304  True-False Questions 324  Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 327  Short Answer Questions 330  Essay Questions 336 Chapter 11 Congress 339  Multiple-Choice Questions 339  True-False Questions 359  Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 363  Short Answer Questions 366  Essay Questions 373 Chapter 12 The Presidency 377  Multiple-Choice Questions 377  True-False Questions 397  Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 400  Short Answer Questions 404  Essay Questions 409 Chapter 13 The Budget: The Politics of Taxing and Spending 412  Multiple-Choice Questions 412  True-False Questions 432  Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 435  Short Answer Questions 438  Essay Questions 442 Chapter 14 The Federal Bureaucracy 445  Multiple-Choice Questions 445  True-False Questions 464  Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 467  Short Answer Questions 471  Essay Questions 477 Chapter 15 The Federal Courts 480  Multiple-Choice Questions 480  True-False Questions 499  Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 502  Short Answer Questions 505  Essay Questions 510 Chapter 16 Economic and Social Welfare 513  Multiple-Choice Questions 513  True-False Questions 533  Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 536  Short Answer Questions 539  Essay Questions 545 Chapter 17 Policymaking for Healthcare, the Environment, and Energy 549  Multiple-Choice Questions 549  True-False Questions 569  Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 572  Short Answer Questions 575  Essay Questions 581 Chapter 18 National Security Policymaking 584  Multiple-Choice Questions 584  True-False Questions 605  Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 608  Short Answer Questions 612  Essay Question 618 How to Use This Test Bank  Overview This test bank for Government in America will help you assess a wide range of skill levels. It also measures this book’s learning objectives using multiple-choice, true/false, fill-in-the-blank, short answer, and essay questions. Finally, this test bank is available in multiple formats to facilitate deployment in a variety of instructional contexts.  Skill Levels This test bank utilizes four skill levels based on Blooms’ taxonomy. Instructors can choose questions based on skill level if they wish to assess a variety of critical thinking skills. The four skill levels and their differences are reflected in the table below. Skill Level Explanation Remember the Facts This level is focused on the most basic understanding of the content. These questions are aimed at helping students to learn and remember the basic facts of American Government. These questions encourage students to define, duplicate, list, memorize, recall, repeat, reproduce, and state. Understand the Concepts This level emphasizes more than basic factual recall, and focuses on getting students to understand the concepts, as well as connections between concepts, policies, and current events. These questions encourage students to classify, identify, locate, recognize, report, select, translate, and paraphrase. Apply What You Know This level will focus on covering major applications in the textbook, but also to introduce new applications of the core concepts. These questions encourage students to choose, demonstrate, employ, illustrate, interpret, schedule, solve, and use. Analyze It This level will test student ability to analyze by deconstructing concepts and recognizing differences, similarities, and patterns. These questions encourage students to appraise, compare, contrast, differentiate, discriminate, distinguish, examine, experiment, and question.  Question Types Multiple-Choice Questions: Each chapter comes with 60 multiple-choice questions testing every material from every A-head. Questions cover all skill levels. True/False Questions: Every chapter comes with 15 true-false questions that cover Remember the Facts, Understand the Concepts, and Apply What You Know skill levels. Fill-in-the-Blank Questions: Each chapter comes with 15 fill-in-the-blank questions that cover Remember the Facts, Understand the Concepts, and Apply What You Know skill levels. Short Answer Questions: Each chapter comes with 10 short answer questions which cover the Understand the Concepts, Apply What You Know, and Analyze It skill levels. Each question comes with an ideal answer to help you with grading. Essay Questions: Every chapter comes with 5 essay questions which cover the Understand the Concepts, Apply What You Know, and Analyze It skill levels. Each question comes with an ideal answer to help you with grading.  Available Formats Word: This test bank is available for download as a Word document on www.pearsonhighered.com. After signing up for an instructor account on the website, log in and search by the book ISBN, book title, or author last name. Under the resources tab for the book, download either the individual Word test bank chapters or the full Word test bank. MyTest: This test bank is also available in Pearson MyTest. This powerful assessment generation program includes all of the questions in the test bank, which you can edit with “drag-and-drop” and simple Word-like controls. You can also sort questions by learning objective and difficulty level to help you quickly build your test. If you would like, you can also create and store your own questions. When you have finished creating your test, it can be saved online and easily printed out for classroom use. To access the MyTest, please visit www.pearsonmytest.com and register for instructor access. Once your account has been created, log in and search by book ISBN, book title, or author last name. After locating MyTest, hit “Select Testbank” to create your copy of the MyTest. Blackboard: Do you use Blackboard? This test bank can be directly integrated into your learning management system. A Blackboard version of this test bank is available for download on www.pearsonhighered.com. Follow the same directions for downloading the Word version. WebCT: Do you use WebCT? This test bank can be directly integrated into your learning management system. A WebCT version of this test bank is available for download on www.pearsonhighered.com. Follow the same directions for downloading the Word version. Respondus: Do you use a learning management system like Angel, Desire2Learn, eCollege, Canvas, Moodle, or IMS QTI? To get a test bank that is compatible with these systems, use the Respondus 4.0 application. With the Respondus application, you can download a Respondus test bank that will work with one of these learning management systems. Search for this test bank by book title or author’s last name on www.respondus.com/products/testbank/search.php. Once downloaded, you can ask your institution for assistance on uploading it to your learning management system.  Using the Test Bank with Other Pearson Resources MyPoliSciLab. MyPoliSciLab is an online homework, tutorial, and assessment product; it provides book-specific assessment that is different from the assessment in this test bank You can also assign the MyTest version of this test bank to your students through MyPoliSciLab. Once logged in to MyPoliSciLab, please follow the following steps: 1. Display MyTest Folder in Course Materials Library. Select the option on the Preferences > MyTest page. 2. Click Course Materials > Add from Library. 3. From the Course Materials Library on the left, click to open the My Tests Folder. 4. Select the tests you want to use in your course. Note that you can add an entire folder or open the folder to add assets within a folder. 5. To add the items to an existing folder on the right, open the folder. To add items without specifying a folder, skip this step. If you want, you can cut and paste items into a folder later. 6. To add items after a specific item, select the item on the right. > Click Add. 7. The item is copied from the library on the left to your course materials on the right. The item is added as the last item. If Hidden displays below an item it means students cannot view the item. Only items that are Shown are visible to students. 8. Note: If the edit the test on the Course Materials pages, the test will no longer be displayed on the MyTest page. The behavior mode of the edited activity is basic/random. 1 Introducing Government in America  Multiple-Choice Questions 1. What are the institutions that make public policy decisions for a society collectively known as? a. political culture b. the courts c. the armed forces d. the national media e. government Answer: e Page Reference: pp. 9–11 A-head: Government Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 1.1 Skill Level: Remember the Facts Topic: Introduction to American Government 2. How does government usually protect its national sovereignty? a. by maintaining armed forces b. by maintaining schools, libraries, hospitals, and highways c. by maintaining a national police force d. by politically socializing the young e. by collecting taxes Answer: a Page Reference: pp. 9–11 A-head: Government Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 1.1 Skill Level: Remember the Facts Topic: Introduction to American Government 3. What determines whom we select as our governmental leaders and what policies these leaders pursue? a. the media b. public opinion c. politics d. lobbying efforts e. public policy Answer: c Page Reference: pp. 11–12 A-head: Politics Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 1.2 Skill Level: Remember the Facts Topic: Introduction to American Government 4. The ways in which people get involved in politics make up their political __________. a. ideals b. participation c. party d. philosophy e. opinions Answer: b Page Reference: pp. 11–12 A-head: Politics Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 1.2 Skill Level: Remember the Facts Topic: Introduction to American Government 5. How does our government respond to the priorities of its people? a. through public opinion polls b. through political science c. through social networking d. through a policymaking system e. through political tolerance Answer: d Page Reference: pp. 12–15 A-head: The Policymaking System Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 1.3 Skill Level: Remember the Facts Topic: Introduction to American Government 6. What best describes a linkage institution? a. a channel through which people’s concerns become a political agenda b. a location to express a political opinion c. the formation of a special interest group d. an environment where one learns about the political process e. a gathering of people to represent a public opinion Answer: a Page Reference: pp. 12–15 A-head: The Policymaking System Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 1.3 Skill Level: Remember the Facts Topic: Introduction to American Government 7. What makes up the government’s policy agenda? a. the issues that make up party platforms b. the issues that attract the serious attention of public officials and others actively involved in politics at a given time c. the issues that inform public opinion polls d. the issues that attract the serious attention of the national media agenda e. the issues that concern single-issue interest groups Answer: b Page Reference: pp. 12–15 A-head: The Policymaking System Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 1.3 Skill Level: Remember the Facts Topic: Introduction to American Government 8. What are policy impacts? a. issues that attract serious attention of public officials b. branches of government charged with taking action on political issues c. the effects that a policy has on people and on society’s problems d. choices that governments make in response to political issues e. systems of selecting policymakers and of organizing government so that policy represents and responds to the public’s preferences Answer: a Page Reference: pp. 12–15 A-head: The Policymaking System Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 1.3 Skill Level: Remember the Facts Topic: Introduction to American Government 9. As a system, how does democracy function? a. by ensuring freedom, justice, and peace to all citizens b. by perpetuating the status quo and upholding the values of the party in power c. by selecting policymakers and organizing government so that policy represents and responds to the public’s preferences d. by granting a status of privilege to the most active voters e. by granting a status of privilege to the most informed voters Answer: c Page Reference: pp. 15–24 A-head: Democracy in America Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 1.4 Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Topic: Introduction to American Government 10. What most closely exemplifies equality in voting? a. adequate and equal opportunities to express preferences b. a free press c. free speech d. one person, one vote e. open citizenship to all Answer: d Page Reference: pp. 15–24 A-head: Democracy in America Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 1.4 Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Topic: Introduction to American Government 11. The principle that, in a democracy, choosing among alternatives requires the majority’s desire to be respected is called __________. a. enlightened rule b. pluralism c. representation d. minority rights e. majority rule Answer: e Page Reference: pp. 15–24 A-head: Democracy in America Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 1.4 Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Topic: Introduction to American Government 12. What is the theory that argues that group competition results in a rough approximation of the public interest in public policy? a. pluralist theory b. hyperpluralist theory c. balance-of-power theory d. elite-and-class theory e. bureaucratic theory Answer: a Page Reference: pp. 15–24 A-head: Democracy in America Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 1.4 Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Topic: Introduction to American Government 13. Which theory contends that American society is divided along class lines? a. pluralism b. hyperpluralism c. balance of power d. elitism e. bureaucratism Answer: d Page Reference: pp. 15–24 A-head: Democracy in America Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 1.4 Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Topic: Introduction to American Government 14. Which theory argues that special interests groups have become sovereign, and the government is merely their servant? a. pluralism b. hyperpluralism c. balance of power d. elitism e. bureaucratism Answer: b Page Reference: pp. 15–24 A-head: Democracy in America Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 1.4 Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Topic: Introduction to American Government 15. What condition occurs when interests conflict and no coalition is strong enough to form a majority and establish policy? a. divided government b. hyperpluralism c. policy gridlock d. separation of powers e. federalism Answer: c Page Reference: pp. 15–24 A-head: Democracy in America Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 1.4 Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Topic: Introduction to American Government 16. A set of values widely shared within a society is referred to as which of the following? a. government b. politics c. public policy d. political culture e. liberalism Answer: d Page Reference: pp. 15–24 A-head: Democracy in America Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 1.4 Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Topic: Introduction to American Government 17. That the U.S. government is more limited and smaller than other advanced industrialized countries is a reflection of the strength of which type of economic policies? a. laissez-faire b. populist c. pluralist d. elitist e. corporatist Answer: a Page Reference: pp. 15–24 A-head: Democracy in America Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 1.4 Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Topic: Introduction to American Government 18. Refer to Table 1.1, Types of Public Policies. A law passed by Congress and the adoption of a regulation by an agency are both examples of which of the following? a. interest groups b. red tape c. public policies d. exercises in public opinion e. majoritarian politics Answer: c Page Reference: pp. 12–15 A-head: The Policymaking System Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 1.3 Skill Level: Apply What You Know Topic: Introduction to American Government 19. What is an example of a collective good? a. clean air b. a toll road c. a college education d. food stamps e. medical care Answer: a Page Reference: pp. 9–11 A-head: Government Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 1.1 Skill Level: Apply What You Know Topic: Introduction to American Government 20. The U.S. troop surge in Afghanistan resulted from which of the following? a. a regulation b. a budgetary choice c. a court decision d. a congressional statute e. a presidential action Answer: e Page Reference: pp. 12–15 A-head: The Policymaking System Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 1.3 Skill Level: Apply What You Know Topic: Introduction to American Government 21. What kind of public policy involves the legislative enactment of taxes and expenditures? a. budgetary choice b. congressional statute c. court decision d. presidential action e. regulation Answer: a Page Reference: pp. 12–15 A-head: The Policymaking System Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 1.3 Skill Level: Apply What You Know Topic: Introduction to American Government 22. Which principle of traditional democracy theory is violated in circumstances in which the wealthy have influence far exceeding what would be expected based on their numbers? a. citizen control of the agenda b. effective participation c. enlightened understanding d. equality in voting e. inclusion Answer: a Page Reference: pp. 15–24 A-head: Democracy in America Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 1.4 Skill Level: Apply What You Know Topic: Introduction to American Government 23. The who of politics includes voters, candidates, groups and parties; the what refers to which of the following? a. institutions that respond to voters, candidates, groups, and parties b. media organizations that cover voters, candidates, groups, and parties c. procedures through which voters, candidates, groups, and parties get what they want d. the substance of politics and government—benefits and burdens e. winners and losers Answer: d Page Reference: pp. 11–12 A-head: Politics Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 1.2 Skill Level: Analyze It Topic: Introduction to American Government 24. Which of the following is true of public policy? a. It includes all decisions and nondecisions made by government. b. It is not relevant unless it is coupled with political culture. c. It is specifically defined as government action. d. It only emerges through formal legislative procedures. e. It only relates to democracies. Answer: a Page Reference: pp. 12–15 A-head: The Policymaking System Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 1.3 Skill Level: Analyze It Topic: Introduction to American Government 25. Free speech and a free press are essential to which principle of traditional democratic theory? a. citizen control of the agenda b. effective participation c. enlightened understanding d. equality in voting e. inclusion Answer: c Page Reference: pp. 15–24 A-head: Democracy in America Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 1.4 Skill Level: Analyze It Topic: Introduction to American Government 26. In the United States, pluralist theory suggests which of the following? a. Because most citizens fail to pay attention to serious issues, government has become an elite institution. b. Congress is stronger and more influential than the presidency. c. Many groups vie for power with no one group dominating politics. d. Society is governed by an upper-class elite. e. Too many influential groups cripple government’s ability to govern. Answer: c Page Reference: pp. 15–24 A-head: Democracy in America Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 1.4 Skill Level: Analyze It Topic: Introduction to American Government 27. Who is at the center of all theories of elite domination of politics? a. big business b. the Congress c. the nouveau riche d. the president e. the Trilateral Commission Answer: a Page Reference: pp. 15–24 A-head: Democracy in America Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 1.4 Skill Level: Analyze It Topic: Introduction to American Government 28. According to James Q. Wilson, an “intense commitment to a candidate, a culture, or an ideology that sets people in one group definitively apart from people in another, rival group” is a definition of which of the following? a. laissez-faire economics b. liberalism c. polarization d. reification e. socialization Answer: c Page Reference: pp. 15–24 A-head: Democracy in America Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 1.4 Skill Level: Analyze It Topic: Introduction to American Government  True-False Questions 29. Governments politically socialize the young—that is, instill in children knowledge of and pride in the nation and its political system and values. Answer: TRUE Page Reference: pp. 9–11 A-head: Government Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 1.1 Skill Level: Remember the Facts Topic: Introduction to American Government 30. The media usually focus on the who of politics. Answer: TRUE Page Reference: pp. 11–12 A-head: Politics Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 1.2 Skill Level: Remember the Facts Topic: Introduction to American Government 31. Elections investigate social problems and inform people about them. Answer: FALSE Page Reference: pp. 12–15 A-head: The Policymaking System Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 1.3 Skill Level: Remember the Facts Topic: Introduction to American Government 32. It is a physical impossibility for government to be “by the people” in a nation of over 300 million people. Answer: TRUE Page Reference: pp. 15–24 A-head: Democracy in America Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 1.4 Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Topic: Introduction to American Government 33. Hyperpluralist theory maintains that who holds office in Washington is of marginal consequence; the corporate giants always have the power. Answer: FALSE Page Reference: pp. 15–24 A-head: Democracy in America Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 1.4 Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Topic: Introduction to American Government 34. During the Cold War, a common bumper sticker was “Better Dead Than Red,” reflecting many Americans’ view that they would prefer to fight to the bitter end than submit to the oppression of communist rule. Answer: TRUE Page Reference: pp. 15–24 A-head: Democracy in America Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 1.4 Skill Level: Apply What You Know Topic: Introduction to American Government  Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 35. Groups that have a narrow interest on which their members tend to take an uncompromising stance are known as __________ groups. Answer: single-issue Page Reference: pp. 11–12 A-head: Politics Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 1.2 Skill Level: Remember the Facts Topic: Introduction to American Government 36. Policymakers stand at the core of the system, working within the three policymaking institutions established by the U.S. Constitution: __________, the presidency, and the courts. Answer: Congress Page Reference: pp. 12–15 A-head: The Policymaking System Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 1.3 Skill Level: Remember the Facts Topic: Introduction to American Government 37. __________ can best be defined as a political philosophy supporting the rights of average citizens in their struggle against privileged elites. Answer: Populism Page Reference: pp. 15–24 A-head: Democracy in America Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 1.4 Skill Level: Remember the Facts Topic: Introduction to American Government 38. Although Americans are widely supportive of cultural values such as liberty and egalitarianism, some scholars are concerned that a sharp __________ into rival liberal versus conservative political cultures has taken place in recent years. Answer: polarization Page Reference: pp. 15–24 A-head: Democracy in America Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 1.4 Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Topic: Introduction to American Government 39. __________ opposed the 2009 stimulus bill, arguing that such increases in the scope of the federal government would result in less freedom and prosperity. Answer: Conservatives Page Reference: pp. 25–26 A-head: The Scope of Government in America Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 1.5 Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Topic: Introduction to American Government 40. Those who are inclined to support a(n) __________ role for government argue that its intervention is sometimes the only means of achieving important goals in American society. Answer: active Page Reference: pp. 25–26 A-head: The Scope of Government in America Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 1.5 Skill Level: Apply What You Know Topic: Introduction to American Government