Discovery Series Introduction To Lifespan 1st Edition by Rathus – Test Bank

Discovery Series Introduction To Lifespan 1st Edition by Rathus – Test Bank

Chapter 8: Middle Adulthood

TRUE/FALSE

1. During middle adulthood, the risk of adult-onset diabetes increases as body tissues lose their sensitivity to insulin.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Understand
REF: 8.1 Physical Development in Middle Adulthood: Past One’s Prime?, Textbook
OBJ: LO1: Describe physical development in middle adulthood.
MSC: TYPE: Medium

2. The lifetime risk of developing breast cancer for women is 1 in 3.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Remember
REF: 8.1 Physical Development in Middle Adulthood: Past One’s Prime?, Textbook
OBJ: LO2: Discuss the major health concerns of middle adulthood.
MSC: TYPE: Easy

3. Menopause is the cessation of menstruation that normally occurs between the ages of 46 and 50 and lasts for about 2 years.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Remember
REF: 8.1 Physical Development in Middle Adulthood: Past One’s Prime?, Textbook
OBJ: LO4: Discuss sexuality in middle adulthood. MSC: TYPE: Easy

4. Researchers for the National Health and Social Life Survey found that sexual dysfunctions are rather uncommon during middle adulthood.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Remember
REF: 8.1 Physical Development in Middle Adulthood: Past One’s Prime?, Textbook
OBJ: LO4: Discuss sexuality in middle adulthood. MSC: TYPE:Easy

5. IQ scores in the United States have risen over the past couple of generations.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Remember
REF: 8.2 Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood: When Things Become Crystal Clear?, Textbook OBJ: LO6: Discuss crystallized and fluid intelligence in middle adulthood.
MSC: TYPE: Easy

6. Aspects of creativity that are more likely to be found among young adults include creativity in music, mathematics, and physics.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Understand
REF: 8.4 Social Development in Middle Adulthood: In the Sandwich Generation?, Textbook
OBJ: LO7: Discuss creativity in middle adulthood. MSC: TYPE: Medium

7. Men make up about 63% of postsecondary students aged 35 and above in the United States.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Remember
REF: 8.2 Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood: When Things Become Crystal Clear?, Textbook OBJ: LO8: Discuss the experiences of middle-aged returning students.
MSC: TYPE: Easy

8. Striving for top performance and success at work, is one of Robert Havighurst’s Developmental Tasks of Middle Adulthood.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Understand
REF: 8.3 Personality Development in Middle Adulthood: Stability or Change?, Textbook
OBJ: LO9: Dispute Havighurst’s tasks of middle adulthood. MSC: TYPE: Medium

9. Studies show that the majority of women experience a painful empty-nest syndrome when their youngest child leaves home.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Understand
REF: 8.3 Personality Development in Middle Adulthood: Stability or Change?, Textbook
OBJ: LO12: Explain the life-events approach to thinking about middle adulthood.
MSC: TYPE: Medium

10. Middle-aged adults who perceive negative life events as specific rather than global tend to be less depressed about those events.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Understand
REF: 8.3 Personality Development in Middle Adulthood: Stability or Change?, Textbook
OBJ: LO12: Explain the life-events approach to thinking about middle adulthood.
MSC: TYPE: Medium

11. According to research findings, women in their 40s and 60s show nearly equal levels of generativity.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Understand
REF: 8.3 Personality Development in Middle Adulthood: Stability or Change?, Textbook
OBJ: LO13: Discuss stability and change in social and emotional development in middle adulthood.
MSC: TYPE: Medium

12. Once their children become emerging or young adults, most parents in the United States agonize over “launching” their children into the world to live on their own.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Understand
REF: 8.4 Social Development in Middle Adulthood: In the Sandwich Generation?, Textbook
OBJ: LO15: Explain how relationships with parents change in middle adulthood.
MSC: TYPE: Medium

13. Studies show that in two-parent households, a grandparent residing with the family typically becomes a source of discord between the parents.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Understand
REF: 8.4 Social Development in Middle Adulthood: In the Sandwich Generation?
OBJ: LO16: Discuss the challenges of grandparenting. MSC: TYPE: Medium

14. In East Asian nations, older parents tend to live with their children.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Remember
REF: 8.4 Social Development in Middle Adulthood: In the Sandwich Generation?, Textbook
OBJ: LO17: Explain what is meant by the sandwich generation.
MSC: TYPE: Easy

15. Most adult sibling relationships are close regardless of the nature of the relationship in childhood.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Understand
REF: 8.4 Social Development in Middle Adulthood: In the Sandwich Generation?, Textbook
OBJ: LO18: Explain the development of relationships with siblings and friends in middle adulthood.
MSC: TYPE: Easy

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. In chronological terms, developmentalists consider middle adulthood to span the years from ____.
a. 30 to 55 c. 40 to 65
b. 35 to 60 d. 45 to 70

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Remember
REF: 8.1 Physical Development in Middle Adulthood: Past One’s Prime?, Textbook
OBJ: LO1: Describe physical development in middle adulthood.
MSC: TYPE: Easy

2. Sheila once had thick red hair. Now at the age of 60, most of Sheila’s hair is gray. What caused this change in Sheila’s hair color?
a. loss of melanin c. loss of papillae
b. loss of keratin d. loss of dermis

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Apply
REF: 8.1 Physical Development in Middle Adulthood: Past One’s Prime?, Textbook
OBJ: LO1: Describe physical development in middle adulthood.
MSC: TYPE: Medium

3. Much of the wrinkling of the skin associated with aging is caused by ____.
a. the body producing fewer keratinocytes c. exposure to environmental chemicals
b. the body producing fewer melanocytes d. exposure to ultraviolet rays

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Understand
REF: 8.1 Physical Development in Middle Adulthood: Past One’s Prime?, Textbook
OBJ: LO1: Describe physical development in middle adulthood.
MSC: TYPE: Medium

4. After having difficulty focusing on fine print for several years, 43-year-old Regina visits an ophthalmologist who tells her that she is experiencing age-related loss of elasticity of the lens. To what condition is Regina’s ophthalmologist referring?
a. cataracts c. astigmatism
b. presbyopia d. glaucoma

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Apply
REF: 8.1 Physical Development in Middle Adulthood: Past One’s Prime?, Textbook
OBJ: LO1: Describe physical development in middle adulthood.
MSC: TYPE: Medium

5. Forty-eight-year old Marcy rides her bicycle through the park with her husband. While approaching a pot hole, she does not turn in time to miss it. She remarks to her husband, “I just don’t seem to react as quickly as I used to.” Why have Marcy’s reaction times slowed over the years?
a. loss of neurons c. loss of myelination
b. loss of muscle tone d. loss of bone density

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Apply
REF: 8.1 Physical Development in Middle Adulthood: Past One’s Prime?, Textbook
OBJ: LO1: Describe physical development in middle adulthood.
MSC: TYPE: Medium

6. During middle adulthood, how can one compensate for the physical changes associated with aging?
a. Exercise can compensate for muscle loss by causing growth of new muscle cells.
b. Regular exercise can offset much of the age-related loss in lung capacity.
c. Vigorous exercise can help regain the prowess of a young adult athlete.
d. Eliminating simple carbohydrates can block age-related loss of lean-body mass.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Analyze
REF: 8.1 Physical Development in Middle Adulthood: Past One’s Prime?, Textbook
OBJ: LO1: Describe physical development in middle adulthood.
MSC: TYPE: Difficult

7. Why does the metabolic rate decline as we age?
a. Metabolic enzymes begin to degrade.
b. More calories must be kept on reserve to support aging body tissues.
c. Fat burns fewer calories than muscle.
d. Activity levels significantly decline.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Analyze
REF: 8.1 Physical Development in Middle Adulthood: Past One’s Prime?, Textbook
OBJ: LO1: Describe physical development in middle adulthood.
MSC: TYPE: Difficult

8. Bone, which consists largely of calcium, begins to lose density and strength at around the age of ____.
a. 30 c. 50
b. 40 d. 60

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Remember
REF: 8.1 Physical Development in Middle Adulthood: Past One’s Prime?, Textbook
OBJ: LO1: Describe physical development in middle adulthood.
MSC: TYPE: Easy

9. What is a critique of the statement, “People in the United States profit from having the best health care in the world?”
a. Our health care system places little value on holistic and herbal remedies.
b. Some socioeconomic groups and racial and ethnic minority groups lack access to health care.
c. Preventative medicine is encouraged by only a minority of health care practitioners.
d. Diet and exercise are not part of our routine health care maintenance plans.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Analyze
REF: 8.1 Physical Development in Middle Adulthood: Past One’s Prime?, Textbook | Reading – Aging, Gender, and Ethnicity, Online
OBJ: LO2: Discuss the major health concerns of middle adulthood.
MSC: TYPE: Difficult

10. What are the top two leading causes of death in middle adulthood?
a. diabetes and accidents c. cancer and accidents
b. diabetes and heart disease d. cancer and heart disease

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Remember
REF: 8.1 Physical Development in Middle Adulthood: Past One’s Prime?, Textbook
OBJ: LO2: Discuss the major health concerns of middle adulthood.
MSC: TYPE: Easy

11. At a local community center, urologist Dr. Cole raises awareness about the risks for prostate cancer for certain racial and ethnic groups. For which group of people does Dr. Cole advise prostate cancer screenings beginning at the age of 45?
a. African American c. Caucasian
b. Hispanic d. Asian

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Remember
REF: 8.1 Physical Development in Middle Adulthood: Past One’s Prime?, Textbook | Reading – Aging, Gender, and Ethnicity, Online
OBJ: LO2: Discuss the major health concerns of middle adulthood.
MSC: TYPE: Remember

12. The development of malignant or cancerous cells in parts of the body other than where they originated from is referred to as ____.
a. migration c. proliferation
b. mutation d. metastasis

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Remember
REF: 8.1 Physical Development in Middle Adulthood: Past One’s Prime?, Textbook
OBJ: LO2: Discuss the major health concerns of middle adulthood.
MSC: TYPE: Easy

13. What cellular event is a trigger for cancer?
a. peroxisomal degradation c. mitochondrial failure
b. DNA mutation d. ribosomal dysfunction

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Understand
REF: 8.1 Physical Development in Middle Adulthood: Past One’s Prime?, Textbook
OBJ: LO2: Discuss the major health concerns of middle adulthood.
MSC: TYPE: Medium

14. Which is an example of a carcinogen?
a. certain viruses c. hormonal factors
b. hereditary factors d. immune dysfunction

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Understand
REF: 8.1 Physical Development in Middle Adulthood: Past One’s Prime?, Textbook
OBJ: LO2: Discuss the major health concerns of middle adulthood.
MSC: TYPE: Medium

15. While researching cancer mortality rates for a school project, Diana notices that racial and ethnic minority groups have higher cancer mortality rates. What is the likely cause for these differences?
a. genetic factors c. lack of early detection and treatment
b. lack of education d. inadequate access to healthy foods

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Analyze
REF: 8.1 Physical Development in Middle Adulthood: Past One’s Prime?, Textbook | Reading – Aging, Gender, and Ethnicity, Online
OBJ: LO2: Discuss the major health concerns of middle adulthood.
MSC: TYPE: Difficult

16. In the United States, what is the lifetime risk of developing cancer for males?
a. 1 in 2 c. 1 in 4
b. 1 in 3 d. 1 in 5

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Remember
REF: 8.1 Physical Development in Middle Adulthood: Past One’s Prime?, Textbook
OBJ: LO2: Discuss the major health concerns of middle adulthood.
MSC: TYPE: Easy

17. While writing a report on the causes of cancer, Tamika is surprised to find out that 30% of all cancers in Western cultures are due to ____.
a. smoking c. heredity
b. diet d. environmental toxins

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Apply
REF: 8.1 Physical Development in Middle Adulthood: Past One’s Prime?, Textbook
OBJ: LO2: Discuss the major health concerns of middle adulthood.
MSC: TYPE: Medium

18. Arteriosclerosis is best defined as the ____.
a. collapse of the arteries c. the breakage of the arteries
b. loss of the arteries d. the hardening of the arteries

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Remember
REF: 8.1 Physical Development in Middle Adulthood: Past One’s Prime?, Textbook
OBJ: LO2: Discuss the major health concerns of middle adulthood.
MSC: TYPE: Easy

19. Fifty-eight-year old Jerry learns that he has atherosclerosis; his cardiologist explains to him that ____.
a. his heart tissue is deteriorating
b. there is a buildup of plaque in his arteries
c. his heart beat is weak and irregular
d. blood is leaking out of his arteries

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Apply
REF: 8.1 Physical Development in Middle Adulthood: Past One’s Prime?, Textbook
OBJ: LO2: Discuss the major health concerns of middle adulthood.
MSC: TYPE: Medium

20. A white blood cell is referred to as a(n) ____.
a. erythrocyte c. platelet
b. leukocyte d. melanocyte

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Remember
REF: 8.1 Physical Development in Middle Adulthood: Past One’s Prime?, Textbook
OBJ: LO2: Discuss the major health concerns of middle adulthood.
MSC: TYPE: Easy

21. Pedro is infected with the bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae. Pedro’s white blood cells generate what substance in response to the Streptococcus pneumoniae to help Pedro’s body fight off the infection?
a. antibodies c. antidotes
b. antigens d. antibactercides

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Apply
REF: 8.1 Physical Development in Middle Adulthood: Past One’s Prime?, Textbook
OBJ: LO3: Discuss the functioning of the immune system. MSC: TYPE: Medium

22. Dexter falls and bumps his knee while out for his morning jog. By the end of the day, the site of the injury shows the classical signs of inflammation: redness, swelling and warmth. What physiological response caused the inflammation?
a. Lymph fluid is rerouted to the site of injury and local lymph nodes swell with excess fluids.
b. Water displacement occurs as the white blood cells draw water from the blood towards the site of injury.
c. The site of injury experiences increased blood flow, cell numbers, and endogenous chemical release.
d. Blood clotting factors and cellular enzymes involved in tissue repair migrate to the site of injury.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Analyze
REF: 8.1 Physical Development in Middle Adulthood: Past One’s Prime?, Textbook
OBJ: LO3: Discuss the functioning of the immune system. MSC: TYPE: Difficult

23. How can stress increase the risk of heart attack in vulnerable individuals?
a. Stress hormones may inhibit the break down of fatty deposits.
b. Stress hormones can constrict blood vessels that lead to the heart.
c. Stress hormones cause the heart to beat at an accelerated rate.
d. Stress hormones promote the release of endogenous toxic chemicals.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Analyze
REF: 8.1 Physical Development in Middle Adulthood: Past One’s Prime?, Textbook
OBJ: LO3: Discuss the functioning of the immune system. MSC: TYPE: Difficult

24. Compared with early adulthood, sexual activity in middle adulthood tends to ____.
a. stay the same c. decrease
b. increase d. peak then decline

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Remember
REF: 8.1 Physical Development in Middle Adulthood: Past One’s Prime?, Textbook
OBJ: LO4: Discuss sexuality in middle adulthood. MSC: TYPE: Easy

25. Why is it thought that a significant percentage of 50- to 59-year-old women become sexually inactive?
a. They have a loss of interest in sex
b. They become widowed or divorced
c. They are dissatisfied with their current partner
d. Physical changes cause pain during sex.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Understand
REF: 8.1 Physical Development in Middle Adulthood: Past One’s Prime?, Textbook | Video – Viagra for Women?, Online OBJ: LO4: Discuss sexuality in middle adulthood.
KEY: TYPE: Medium MSC: TYPE: Medium

26. The most common sexual problem among men during the latter part of middle adulthood is ____.
a. erectile dysfunction c. lack of sexual desire
b. premature ejaculation d. pain during sex

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Understand
REF: 8.1 Physical Development in Middle Adulthood: Past One’s Prime?, Textbook
OBJ: LO4: Discuss sexuality in middle adulthood. MSC: TYPE: Medium

27. The gradual decline in the reproductive capacity of the ovaries due to a decline in production of estrogen is referred to as ____.
a. menopause c. periclimacteric
b. perimenopause d. climacteric

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Remember
REF: 8.1 Physical Development in Middle Adulthood: Past One’s Prime?, Textbook | Video – Male Menopause?, Online OBJ: LO4: Discuss sexuality in middle adulthood.
MSC: TYPE: Easy

28. Fifty-year-old Mimi has been experiencing irregular periods for the last six months. This may indicate that Mimi is experiencing ____.
a. menopause c. amenorrhea
b. perimenopause d. periamenorrhea

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Apply
REF: 8.1 Physical Development in Middle Adulthood: Past One’s Prime?, Textbook | Video – Male Menopause?, Online OBJ: LO4: Discuss sexuality in middle adulthood.
MSC: TYPE: Medium

29. A sign of estrogen deficiency in middle adulthood women is ____.
a. blurred vision c. diarrhea
b. constipation d. heart palpitations

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Understand
REF: 8.1 Physical Development in Middle Adulthood: Past One’s Prime?, Textbook | Video – Male Menopause?, Online OBJ: LO4: Discuss sexuality in middle adulthood.
MSC: TYPE: Medium

30. Jessica is experiencing menopause. She discusses hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with her gynecologist to help mitigate some of the symptoms of menopause. Jessica’s gynecologist informs her that HRT____.
a. has no serious side effects c. decreases the risk of colon cancer
b. increases the risk of osteoporosis d. decreases the risk of strokes

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Apply
REF: 8.1 Physical Development in Middle Adulthood: Past One’s Prime?, Textbook
OBJ: LO4: Discuss sexuality in middle adulthood. MSC: TYPE: Medium

31. What contributes to erectile disorder in men and inadequate lubrication in women?
a. fatigue c. hypertension
b. decreased progesterone d. high cholesterol

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Understand
REF: 8.1 Physical Development in Middle Adulthood: Past One’s Prime?, Textbook
OBJ: LO4: Discuss sexuality in middle adulthood. MSC: TYPE: Easy

32. In middle-aged and older women, what physiological change contributes to pain during sex?
a. Uterine prolapse c. Thinning of the vaginal wall
b. Stiffening of the cervix d. Tilting of the uterus

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Understand
REF: 8.1 Physical Development in Middle Adulthood: Past One’s Prime?, Textbook | Video – Viagra for Women, Online OBJ: LO4: Discuss sexuality in middle adulthood.
MSC: TYPE: Medium

33. What may help middle adult and older men ward off erectile dysfunction?
a. Eliminating red meat c. Taking herbal supplements
b. Regular exercise d. Avoiding caffeine

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Understand
REF: 8.1 Physical Development in Middle Adulthood: Past One’s Prime?, Textbook
OBJ: LO4: Discuss sexuality in middle adulthood. MSC: TYPE: Medium

34. In the context of cognitive development, the fact that some aspects of intellectual functioning may improve while others remain stable or decline is referred to as ____.
a. reciprocity c. plasticity
b. multidirectionality d. homeostasis

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Remember
REF: 8.2 Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood: When Things Become Crystal Clear?, Textbook
OBJ: LO5: Explain how cognitive development in adulthood shows multidirectionality, interindividual variability, and plasticity. MSC: TYPE: Easy

35. The fact that intellectual abilities are not absolutely fixed but can be modified is referred to as ____.
a. reciprocity c. plasticity
b. multidirectionality d. homeostasis

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Remember
REF: 8.2 Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood: When Things Become Crystal Clear?, Textbook
OBJ: LO5: Explain how cognitive development in adulthood shows multidirectionality, interindividual variability, and plasticity. MSC: TYPE: Easy

36. Why is it believed that IQ scores in the United States have risen over the past couple of generations?
a. Better health care c. Better education
b. Less to worry about d. Small genetic changes

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Analyze
REF: 8.2 Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood: When Things Become Crystal Clear?, Textbook
OBJ: LO5: Explain how cognitive development in adulthood shows multidirectionality, interindividual variability, and plasticity. MSC: TYPE: Difficult

37. A cluster of knowledge and skills that depends on accumulated information and experience, awareness of social conventions, and good judgment, is referred to as ____.
a. crystallized intelligence c. fluid intelligence
b. emergent intelligence d. assurgent intelligence

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Remember
REF: 8.2 Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood: When Things Become Crystal Clear?, Textbook | Video – Causes of Midlife Memory Declines, Online
OBJ: LO6: Discuss crystallized and fluid intelligence in middle adulthood.
MSC: TYPE: Easy

38. A person’s skills at processing information is referred to as ____.
a. crystallized intelligence c. fluid intelligence
b. emergent intelligence d. assurgent intelligence

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom’s: Remember
REF: 8.2 Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood: When Things Become Crystal Clear?, Textbook | Video – Midlife Memory Declines, Online
OBJ: LO6: Discuss crystallized and fluid intelligence in middle adulthood.
MSC: TYPE: Easy