Discovering Psychology the Science of Mind 1st Edition by Cacioppo Freberg, Test Bank

Discovering Psychology the Science of Mind 1st Edition by Cacioppo Freberg, Test Bank

Chapter Ten: The Thinking Mind – Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. How is the term cognition, derived from the Latin word cognito, described in your text?
a. A set of organizing principles derived from experience
b. A group of internal mental processes, including information processing, thinking, reasoning, and problem solving
c. The ability to understand complex ideas, adapt effectively to the environment, learn from experience, engage in reasoning, and overcome obstacles
d. A system for communicating thoughts and feelings using universally understood signals

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Understand REF: What Do We Think About?
OBJ: LO1

2. Broadly speaking, knowledge is the entire body of information acquired through study, investigation, observation, and experience. To manage all of this knowledge, the mind often uses ____.
a. mnemonics c. priming
b. procedural memory d. symbols

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Remember REF: What Do We Think About?
OBJ: LO1

3. Which of the following is true of mental images?
a. Children cultivate the ability to think in mental images as they reach adulthood and their brains mature.
b. People with extremely low or high intellect have difficulty thinking in mental images.
c. People can turn visual mental images around in their minds, zoom in or out, and identify their features.
d. People store and use mental images as small units of unrelated data.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Understand REF: What Do We Think About?
OBJ: LO1

4. Which group is most likely to use visual images in their thought processes?
a. young children c. adults
b. the elderly d. teenagers

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Remember REF: What Do We Think About?
OBJ: LO1

5. The childhood ability to directly access visual images may be overwritten or interfered with by ____.
a. brain growth c. language development
b. hormones d. social stress

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Remember REF: What Do We Think About?
OBJ: LO1

6. An organizing principle derived from experience is a(n) ____.
a. heuristic c. concept
b. algorithm d. phoneme

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Remember REF: What Do We Think About?
OBJ: LO1

7. Concept formation is ____.
a. exclusive to mammals c. uniquely human
b. limited to primates d. not uniquely human

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Remember REF: What Do We Think About?
OBJ: LO1

The Study Abroad Alien
Marvin, who lives in San Francisco, has been asked to host a teenage alien, Regor, as part of an intergalactic exchange program. Marvin is sure that Regor would love to experience the adventure of sailing, but decides he should introduce the concept of a “sailboat” first.

8. Marvin begins by sharing the dictionary definition of a boat: “a small vessel propelled on water by oars, sails, or an engine.” The primary problem with this definition is that it ____.
a. is broader than the information Regor needs to identify sailboats
b. does not provide a good way to think about the category’s variability
c. excludes many category members that should be included
d. provides a checklist with too many exceptions

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Analyze REF: What Do We Think About?
OBJ: LO1

9. Marvin tries to describe the common features of a sailboat. He explains that they are pointed at the front and square at the back, have a tall mast to hold up the sail, and have one or two triangular sails. Which of the following demonstrates a problem with this approach?
a. Some sailboats have more than one mast and more than two sails.
b. This description does not describe a specific sailboat.
c. This description does not provide an average of all relevant features.
d. Some sailboats are longer than others.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Apply REF: What Do We Think About?
OBJ: LO1

10. Marvin suggests that Regor compare the features of an item that he thinks might be a sailboat with a checklist of sailboat features. If there are sufficient overlapping features, he might determine that it is a sailboat. This could be considered a ____.
a. prototype c. feature detection model
b. theory d. schema

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Apply REF: What Do We Think About?
OBJ: LO1

11. Marvin tries to describe a sailboat as an average of all sailboats in terms of length, width, height of mast, materials, color, etc. This is called a(n) ____.
a. model c. exemplar
b. prototype d. paradigm

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Apply REF: What Do We Think About?
OBJ: LO1