Contemporary Nursing Issues Trends And Management 4th Edition By Jacob -Test Bank

Contemporary Nursing Issues Trends And Management 4th Edition By Jacob -Test Bank

Cherry: Contemporary Nursing, 4th Edition

Test Bank

Chapter 6: Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Institutional review boards determine whether research studies involving human subjects will
A. be published.
B. add to the body of nursing knowledge.
C. cause harm.
D. receive funding.

ANS: C
(C) is correct because the institutional review board (also called the human subjects committee) examines research proposals to make sure that the ethical rights of those individuals participating in the research study are protected. This board makes sure that persons who participate in research are assured that their right to privacy, confidentiality, fair treatment, and freedom from harm is protected. (A) is incorrect because research publication is not controlled by institutional review boards. (B) is incorrect because institutional review boards do not review the merit or significance of research to nursing knowledge. (D) is incorrect because institutional review boards do not award grants or allocate funds.

DIF: Knowledge REF: Page 120

2. The nurse is interested in understanding the meaning of the human experience of surviving polio. Subject recruitment targets persons who have been diagnosed with the disease. The researcher reflects on the data and identifies common themes in order to understand the “lived experience.” These characteristics are consistent with the qualitative research method known as
A. grounded theory.
B. ethnography.
C. phenomenology.
D. case study.

ANS: C
(C) is correct because phenomenology is a qualitative research design that uses inductive descriptive methodology to describe the lived experiences of study participants. (A) is incorrect because grounded theory is a qualitative research design that is used to collect and analyze data with the aim of developing theories grounded in real-world observations. This method is used to study a social process. (B) is incorrect because ethnography is a qualitative research method that is used for the purpose of investigating cultures; it involves data collection, description, and analysis of data to develop a theory of cultural behavior. (D) is incorrect because case study is a method of quantitative research that is used to present an in-depth analysis of a single subject, group, institution, or other social unit.

DIF: Application REF: Page 110

3. The use of research to guide nursing practice is called
A. utilization.
B. dissemination.
C. generalizability.
D. analysis.

ANS: A
(A) is correct because utilization of research guides nursing practice. Clinical agencies need to make a commitment to implementing research findings and then developing policies and procedures to guide the implementation process. (B) is incorrect because dissemination is defined as the spreading of information, generally through published reports or by word of mouth. (C) is incorrect because generalizability is the inference that findings can be generalized from the sample to the entire population. (D) is incorrect because analysis is the second step or phase of the nursing process.

DIF: Comprehension REF: Pages 111-113

4. The CURN project is an example of research
A. utilization.
B. needs assessment.
C. dissemination.
D. pilot study.

ANS: A
(A) is correct because the major goal of the CURN project was to increase the use of research findings in nursing practice by disseminating research findings. For this project, research utilization was considered an organizational process rather than a process that should be implemented by an individual nurse. (B) is incorrect because a needs assessment is a study in which the researcher collects data to estimate the needs of a group, usually for resource allocation. (C) is incorrect because dissemination is the distribution. (D) is incorrect because a pilot study is a smaller version of a proposed study conducted to develop or refine methodology, such as treatment, instruments, or a data collection process, to be used in a larger study.

DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 113

5. A public health nurse is interested in determining which educational programs are needed in the aggregates served. The researcher personally interviews individuals who are walking on the streets in the community. This type of research design is
A. quasi-experimental.
B. survey.
C. case study.
D. ethnography.

ANS: B
(B) is correct because survey is a nonexperimental research design that focuses on obtaining information regarding the status quo of some situation, often through direct questioning of participants. (A) is incorrect because quasi-experimental research design is a type of quantitative research that lacks one of the components (randomization, control group, manipulation of one or more variables) of an experimental design. (C) Is incorrect because case study designs are used to present an in-depth analysis of a single subject, group, institution, or other social unit. The purpose is to gain insight and provide background information for more controlled, broader studies. (D) is incorrect because ethnography is a qualitative research method that is used for the purpose of investigating cultures; it involves data collection and description and analysis of data for the purpose of developing a theory of cultural behavior.

DIF: Analysis REF: Page 109

6. Which of the following organizations provides federal funding for research?
A. National Institutes of Health
B. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
C. W.K. Kellogg Foundation
D. Sigma Theta Tau International

ANS: A
(A) is correct because the National Institutes of Health is a federal agency that provides federal funding for health care research. (B) Robert Woods Johnson is a private foundation. (C) W.K. Kellogg Foundation is also a private foundation. (D) Sigma Theta Tau International is a nursing organization.

DIF: Knowledge REF: Page 107

7. Which type of data analysis results in the non-numerical organization of data?
A. Descriptive
B. Inferential
C. Qualitative
D. Quantitative

ANS: C
(C) is correct because qualitative data analysis results in the organization of words or phrases, not numbers. Interviews are reviewed and are transcribed line by line in an effort to group common conceptual meanings. (A) is incorrect because descriptive statistics consists of numerical data. (B) is incorrect because inferential statistics consists of numerical data. (D) is incorrect because quantitative research is a formal, objective, systematic process in which numerical data are used.

DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 108

8. A nurse researcher who is seeking funding for a study should identify
A. board members of funding agencies.
B. priorities of funding agencies.
C. budgets of funding agencies.
D. accreditation of funding agencies.

ANS: B
(B) is correct because the priorities of funding agencies indicate their preferences for funding; these are more likely to be funded than are studies that are not aligned with funding preferences. (A), (C), and (D) consist of information about the funding agencies that is descriptive of the agency, but that would not be helpful in the preparation of a study proposal.

DIF: Application REF: Page 104

9. A nurse studied a community to determine if there were patients who would benefit from a hospice program if one were developed. This type of research is
A. a survey
B. quasi-experimental.
C. a needs assessment method.
D. a pilot study.

ANS: C
(C) is correct because a needs assessment method is a study in which the researcher collects data for the purpose of estimating the needs of a group; commonly used to prioritize the needs of an organization or community. (A) is incorrect because a survey is a research design that is used to collect demographic information, social characteristics, behavioral patterns, and other information. (B) is incorrect because quasi-experimental research is a type of quantitative research that lacks one of the components of an experimental design. (D) is incorrect because a pilot study is a smaller version of a proposed study conducted to develop or refine methodology, such as treatment, instruments, or a data collection process, to be used in a larger study.

DIF: Analysis REF: Page 109

10. The research hypothesis is that aromatherapy reduces stress more effectively than does acupuncture. The researcher does not identify a control group. This study would be a _____ design.
A. experimental
B. quasi-experimental
C. survey.
D. meta-analysis.

ANS: B
(B) is correct because in quasi-experimental studies a control group, randomization, or the manipulation of one or more variables is missing. (A) is incorrect because an experimental design must have a control group. (C) is incorrect because the purpose of a survey design is to collect information, not to compare groups. (D) is incorrect because a meta-analysis is a process whereby multiple research studies are reviewed.

DIF: Application REF: Page 109